1.4 - Trends in the periodic table

Question 1

group

Answer 1

column in the periodic table

Question 2

period

Answer 2

row in the periodic table

Question 3

atomic number

Answer 3

number of protons in an atom

Question 4

nucleus

Answer 4

the central part of an atom with an overall positive charge

Question 5

shell

Answer 5

defined space where electrons orbit in an atom

Question 6

valence electron

Answer 6

electron in the outermost occupied shell of an atom

Question 7

property

Answer 7

characteristic of a substance that can be physical or observed during a reaction

Question 8

reactivity

Answer 8

tendency to chemically interact with other substances

Question 9

why are noble gases not reactive

Answer 9

their valence shell is full

Question 10

why do atoms lose, gain or share electrons in a chemical reaction

Answer 10

to achieve a full valence shell

Question 11

what is the atomic radius of an atom

Answer 11

distance from the centre of the nucleus to the valence shell

Question 12

how does the number of valence electrons of a group make them less or more reactive

Answer 12

the more electrons an atom has to gain/lose to have a full valence shell, the less reactive it is. the less electrons an atom has to gain/lose to have a full valence shell, the more reactive it is

Question 13

how does the reactivity trend in groups 1 and 2 depend on the atomic radius

Answer 13

the bigger the atomic radius, the more reactive it is

Question 14

small atomic radius makes it easier to…

Answer 14

gain electrons

Question 15

large atomic radius makes it easier to…

Answer 15

lose electrons

Question 16

when you go down in the columns, the atomic radius…

Answer 16

increases

Question 17

when you go down in the columns for the non metals, the reactivity…

Answer 17

decreases

Question 18

when you go down in the columns for the metals, the reactivity…

Answer 18

increases

Question 19

what are the similarities between group 1 and group 17

Answer 19

Because both groups of elements only need to gain or lose 1 electron, they are both extremely reactive; the most reactive metals in the periodic table.

Question 20

what are the differences between group 1 and group 17

Answer 20

group 1 alkali metals only have 1 electron in their valence shell meaning they can lose one electron very easily whereas the group 17 halogens need only 1 electron to have a full valence shell so they want to gain 1 electron.

Question 21

if halogens are in group 17 of the periodic table, determine the number of electrons needed to fill the valence shell

Answer 21

1

Question 22

compare the reactivity of sodium (Na) and argon (Ar)

Answer 22

Argon is less reactive than sodium because it has a full valence shell