14- Thorax II Flashcards
What part of the mediastinum is the middle mediastinum a subunit of?
Inferior mediastinum
What are the main structures in the middle mediastinum?
Heart
Pericardium
Coronary vessels
Roots of great vessels
What is the vertebral level of division between the superior/ inferior mediastinum?
T4-T5 = sternal angle
What are the receiving chambers of the heart?
right/ left atriums
What are the discharging chambers of the heart?
right/ left ventricles
What chamber receives venous blood via SVC/ IVC?
right atrium
What chamber pumps poorly oxygenated blood to lungs via pulmonary trunk/ arteries for oxygenation?
right ventricle
What chamber receives well-oxygenated blood from the lungs via pulmonary veins?
left atrium
What chamber pumps blood into aorta for systemic distribution?
left ventricle
What is the most posterior chamber of the heart?
left atrium
What is the most anterior chamber of the heart?
right ventricle
What covers the heart and roots of the great vessels?
Fibroserous membrame
What are the 2 layers of the fibroserous membrane?
Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium
What is the external/ tough/ outer layer of fibroserous membrane?
Fibrous pericardium
What are the 2 linings of serous pericardium?
Parietal serous pericardium
Visceral serous pericardium
What layer of pericardium lines the surface of the fibrous pericardium?
parietal serous pericardium
What layer of pericardium lines the surface of the heart?
visceral serous pericardium
What is immediately deep to the fibrous pericardium?
parietal serous pericardium
What is the small space between the visceral/ parietal layers of the serous pericardium?
Pericardial cavity
What is the pericardial cavity composed of?
small fluid layer
What directly adheres to the surface of the heart?
visceral serous pericardium
What happens if you reflect the fibrous pericardium?
parietal layer of serous pericardium also reflected
What is the “shiny” layer on the heart?
Visceral serous pericardium
What pericardium layer is attached to the diaphragm?
Fibrous pericardium
How do you know the visceral pericardium has been removed?
can see coronary vessels
How are pulmonary arteries/ veins positioned relative to each other?
arteries- high
veins- low
What does the heart ‘sit” on?
diaphragm
What empties blood into the inferior aspect of the right atrium?
Inferior vena cava
What carries blood towards the heart?
veins
What carries blood away from the heart?
arteries
How does oxygenated blood return to the heart from the lungs?
pulmonary veins
What vessels line the surface of the heart?
coronary vessels
What separates the atria/ ventricles?
Atrioventricular groove
What separates the ventricles?
Interventricular groove
Where are coronary vessels (arteries/ veins) located?
within grooves
covered with visceral pericardium
embedded in fat
What supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle?
coronary arteries
What do the coronary arteries arise from?
Ascending aorta
What are the ear-like structures associated with the atriums?
Auricles
What is the origin of coronary arteries?
ascending aorta
What must be done to observe the coronary arteries originating from ascending aorta?
reflect auricles laterally
What auricle is more complicated/ why?
(to observe coronary artery originating from ascending aorta)
left
- must reflex auricle + dig behind pulmonary trunk
(to see left coronary artery)
Where do the pulmonary arteries arise from?
Ascending aorta
Where is the left coronary artery located?
behind pulmonary trunk
What are the branches of the left coronary artery?
Circumflex artery
Anterior interventricular artery
Where is the circumflex artery?
AV groove/ posteriorly
Where is the anterior interventricular artery?
IV groove/ anteriorly
What are the branches of the right coronary artery?
Sinoatrial nodal artery
Marginal artery
Posterior interventricular artery
What empties into the right atrium?
coronary sinus
Where is the coronary sinus located?
posterior heart
in AV groove
Where is all venous drainage to the heart?
coronary sinus
What do not go to the coronary sinus/ go directly to right atrium?
Anterior cardiac veins
How do anterior cardiac veins empty into right atrium?
hop/ jump over AV groove
