13- Thorax I Flashcards
What does the thorax resemble?
a bony cage
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What bones is the thorax composed of?
vertebral column
ribs
sternum
What fills the space between ribs?
Intercostal muscles
What are in the intercostal spaces?
intercostal muscles
intercostal veins/ arteries/ nerves
What bony structure is associated with the chest?
pectoral girdle
Where is the thorax located?
within “bony cage”
What are the 3 parts of the sternum?
Manubrium
Body of sternum
Xiphoid process
What is the top part of the sternum?
Manubrium
What vertebrae does the body of sternum extend from?
T5 - T9
What is another term for the manubriosternal joint?
Sternal angle
What vertebra is the xiphoid process located at inferiorly?
T10
What is the bottom part of the sternum?
Xiphoid process
What separates the manubrium/ body of sternum?
Manubriosternal joint = sternal angle
What are the 2 openings of the thorax?
Superior thoracic aperture
Inferior thoracic aperture
What does the superior thoracic aperture provide access to?
head/ neck/ upper limbs
What does the inferior thoracic aperture provide access to?
abdomen/ lower limbs
What is the superior thoracic aperture bounded by?
T1- 1st thoracic vertebrae
1st pair ribs
Manubrium
What thoracic aperture is larger?
Inferior
What thoracic aperture is smaller?
Superior
What is the inferior thoracic aperture bounded by?
T12
ribs 11/ 12
costal margin
xiphosternal joint
Diaphragm
What separates the thorax and abdomen?
Diaphragm
What are the subdivisions of the thoracic cavity? (anterior)
Pulmonary cavity
Mediastinum
Pulmonary cavity
What are the 2 main subdivisions of the mediastinum?
Superior mediastinum
Inferior mediastinum
What are the 3 subdivisions of the Inferior mediastinum?
Anterior
Middle
Posterior
What is the point of change from the superior/ inferior mediastinum?
Sternal angle
What is the level of the sternal angle?
T4-T5
- level of second costal cartilage (ribs 2)
What thoracic wall is longer?
Posterior thoracic wall
What thoracic wall is shorter?
Anterior thoracic wall
What are the 3 great vessels of the heart?
Superior vena cava
Aorta
Pulmonary trunk
What is responsible for the return of venous blood from the head/ neck/ upper limbs?
Superior vena cava
What is responsible for the return of blood from the head/ neck?
Internal jugular vein
What is responsible for the return of blood from the upper limbs?
Subclavian vein
What combine to form the right/ left brachiocephalic veins?
Internal jugular vein
Subclavian vein
What do the left/ right brachiocephalic veins combine to form?
superior vena cava
What are the 3 parts of the aorta?
Ascending aorta
Arch of aorta
Descending/ thoracic aorta
What part of the aorta is right out of the heart?
Ascending aorta
What is another term for the descending aorta?
Thoracic aorta
What is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the whole body?
Aorta
What part of the aorta is hidden behind the heart/ not visible in the anterior view?
Descending aorta
What are the 3 parts of the arch of the aorta?
Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery
What is responsible for arterial blood flow to the head/ neck on the right side?
Brachiocephalic trunk
What is responsible for arterial blood flow to the head/ neck on the left side?
Left common carotid artery
What is responsible for blood flow to the upper limbs?
Left subclavian artery
What does the brachiocephalic trunk divide into?
Right subclavian artery
Right common carotid artery
Where is the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk/ trachea?
Sternal angle
