1.4 The Scientific Method

Question 1

What is the scientific method? What are the steps? (1.4)

Answer 1

• Scientific method is a process of inquiry, set of steps to address the question that has been asked, as well as forming new questions.
  1. Make observations 2) Ask a question 3) Form hypothesis to answer the question 4) Make a prediction, what else is true if hypothesis is correct 5) Design and conduct an experiment

Question 2

What is the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning? Recognize examples. (1.4)

Answer 2

• Inductive reasoning: Small to big. Deriving generalizations from multiple specific observations. Example: all living things are made from cells
• Deductive reasoning: Big to small. Using general principles to predict specific outcomes. Example: Social distancing will help reduce transmission of COVID-19.

Question 3

Discovery Science

Answer 3

Utilizing large amounts of experimental data to form hypothesis. Learning from previously established data

Question 4

Theory

Answer 4

Broad idea supported by large amounts of data.

Question 5

How to reduce bias in science

Answer 5

Both IR and DR leaves room for human’s preconception to affect scientific conclusions. Having different groups of scientists working on similar problems helps reduce bias, prevents us from limiting what we know about science.