1.2 Themes in Biology Flashcards
What is the “central dogma of molecular biology?” (1.2)
- Transcription: DNA is transcripted to mRNA
- Translation: mRNA is translated to a chain of amino acids, which goes through protein folding to create protein.
- Cells need protein to get through function and build structure
What was the human genome project? (1.2)
A project developed in 1990, to find out the sequence of entire human genome, the entire set of DNA an organism owns. Project completed in 2003.
What were the key takeaways from the human genome project? (1.2)
- Humans do not have as much genes as originally thought
- Most of the DNA has unknown function
- Human complexity comes from how we use our genes, not the gene itself
What does it mean to say that “all living things obtain matter and energy from their environment?” Can you give examples of how YOU obtain matter and energy from your environment? (1.2)
- Cells use matter and energy to build themselves and carry out processes
- Energy forms are transformed into different forms
- Plants absorb light energy, which are converted to chemical energy, then humans consume the plant, where the chemical energy is transferred to humans.
What is feedback regulation? Recognize examples. (1.2)
High blood glucose content leads to stimulating insulin, leading to cells taking away blood glucose from blood, lowered blood glucose leads to insulin not being stimulated.
Life’s processes involve our expression and transmission of genetic material
Processes and gene expression are done through genetic material (DNA/RNA)
What do all cells include?
DNA genome
Matter
Anything occupying space and has weight, including solid, liquid and gas
Energy
Ability to do work
Interaction within an organism
Body consists of trillions of cells, their functions must be coordinated in order for humans to survive.
