14 supreme court cases Flashcards
Marbury vs. Madison
Created Judicial review. Adams made Marbury a federal judge but when Jefferson came to presidency he didn’t honor it. Should Sup. Court Order Congress and Jefferson to Install Marbury? Ruled Separation of Powers
Judicial review
Power of federal courts to say what acts of congress are and aren’t constitutional
McCulloh vs. Maryland
Is the National Bank Legal? Congress Created a National Bank Branch in Maryland and This Upset Maryland State Government Leaders. Confirmed Supremacy Clause and Implied Powers, Through Elastic Clause. National bank is legal. FEDERALISM CASE
US v. Lopez
Federal Gun Law & Schools, Commerce
Clause? Senior carried gun to school which violated the Gun-Free School Zones Act. Went to court and court ruled the gun free zones act is unconstitutional. Limits to Commerce Clause and Affirms 10th Amend.
Engel v. Vitale
Prayer in public schools is unconstitutional. NY State Law Required Students to Recite a prayer about god, which violated his 1st amendment rights. Ruling was School Prayer Violates Establishment Clause.
Wisconsin v. Yoder
Amish schooling. Amish students stopped attending school past 8th grade. Wisconsin law made all kids under 16 attend school. Ruling was the Free Exercise Clause Allows Home Schooling
Tinker v. Des Moines
1965 students chose to wear black armbands to protest the Vietnam war. They were suspended until they would take them off. The ruling was Symbolic Speech is Protected Speech.
New York Times v. US
The Pentagon Papers. CIA agent gave top secret pentagon papers to the new york times. Nixon sued the NYT Citing Ex. Authority and Prior Restraint. The ruling was Freedom of the Press is Upheld, No
“Imminent Harm”, so no Prior Restraint is allowed.
Schenck v. US
Communist organizer mailed pamphlets saying WWI was wrong and monstrous. Seditious speech violated espionage act. The ruling was the Espionage Act’s “Clear & Present Danger” is not Protected Free Speech.
Gideon vs. Wainwright
Selective Incorporation. Burglary occurred at a pool room. Couldn’t afford a lawyer so he went to prison. Declared his right of the 6th amendment had been violated. the ruling was the right to a lawyer from the 6th amendment is a fundamental right.
McDonald v Chicago
McDonald lived in a very unsafe neighborhood but carrying a handgun was illegal in Chicago so he sued citing the 2nd amendment fundamental right. The ruling was the second amendment applies to states and cities.
Brown v. Board of Education
Black child was forced to go to an all black schoo; Was denied to go to a closer white school. NAACP decided to use this to Overturn Plessy v. Ferguson. The ruling was. Plessy Violated the Equal Protection Clause. The problem was the majority opinion didnt say WHEN public schools had to desegregate
Citizens United v. FEC
Super Pac. produced documentary about Hillary Clinton during 2008 presidential primary. A federal law prohibited Organizations From Engaging in any Advertising
30 Days Before a Primary. The ruling was Campaign Donations are protected free speech
Baker v. Carr
Tennessee Redistricting. Tennessee State Constitution Required the State Legislature to Redraw its US House Congress Map Every 10 Years. His town population had increased a lot so he said his voting power had been diminished. The ruling was House Cong. Districts Must Have Same # of People, “One Person, One Vote”.
Shaw v. Reno
Does racial gerrymandering violate the equal protection clause? power to white groups was diminished and blacks was diminished statewide. The ruling was racial gerrymandering violates the equal protection clause and Minority-Majority Districts are Legal Only if They Occur Naturally.
