Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

TN Psychiatry > 14. Sleep Disorders > Flashcards

14. Sleep Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Adequate sleep is essential to normal functioning; deprivation can lead to what? (2)

A

cognitive impairment and increased mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True or False

Circadian rhythms help regulate mood and cognitive performance

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Neurotransmitters commonly implicated in psychiatric illnesses also regulate sleep. Name them (2)

A
  • acetylcholine activity and decreased activity of monoamine neurotransmitters is associated with greater REM sleep
  • decreased adrenergic and cholinergic activity are associated with NREM sleep
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Associate sleep and depression (3)

A

depression is associated with

  • decreased ∆ (deep, slow-wave) sleep
  • decreased REM latency
  • and increased REM density
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name criteria of sleep disorders (2)

A
  • must cause significant distress or impairment in normal functioning
  • not due to a GMC or medications/drugs (unless specified)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe management: Sleep Disorders (3)

A
  • pharmacological treatments are illness-specific
    • non-benzodiazepines preferable (i.e. trazodone, zoplicone, quetiapine), but benzodiazepines a short term option
    • medication should not be prescribed without having first made a diagnosis and considering major psychiatric illnesses (major depression and alcohol use disorders are common etiologies)
  • sleep hygiene is a simple, effective, but often underutilized method for addressing sleep disturbances
  • Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for insomnia (CBTi)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name sleep hygiene recommendations (7)

A
  • waking up and going to bed at same time every day, including on weekends
  • avoiding long periods of wakefulness in bed
  • not using bed for non-sleep activities (reading, TV, work)
  • avoiding screens, especially smartphones and ipads in the hour before bed
  • avoiding napping
  • discontinuing or reducing consumption of alcohol, caffeine, drugs
  • exercising at least 3-4x per week (but not in the evening, if this interferes with sleep)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name: Major DSM-5 Sleep-Wake Disorders (12)

A
  • (Uncategorized)
    • Insomnia disorder
    • Hypersomnolence disorder
    • Narcolepsy
    • Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders
    • Restless legs syndrome
    • Substance/medication-induced sleep disorder
  • Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders
    • Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea
    • Central sleep apnea
    • Sleep-related hypoventilation
  • Parasomnias
    • Non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorders
    • Nightmare disorder
    • Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define: Insomnia disorder (1)

A

Difficulty sleeping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define: Hypersomnolence disorder (1)

A

Feeling sleepy throughout the day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define: Narcolepsy (1)

A

Recurrent attacks of irrepressible need to sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define: Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders (1)

A

Insomnia or excessive sleepiness due to misalignment or alteration in endogenous circadian rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define: Restless legs syndrome (1)

A

Uncomfortable, frequent urge to move legs at night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define: Substance/medication-induced sleep disorder (1)

A

Disturbance in sleep (insomnia or daytime sleepiness) caused by substance/medication intoxication or withdrawal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name: Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders (3)

A
  • Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea
  • Central sleep apnea
  • Sleep-related hypoventilation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define: Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea (1)

A

Breathing issues due to obstruction

17
Q

Define: Central sleep apnea (1)

A

Breathing issues due to aberrant brain signaling

18
Q

Define: Sleep-related hypoventilation (1)

A

Breathing issues due to decreased responsiveness to carbon dioxide levels

19
Q

Name: Parasomnias (3)

A
  • Non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorders
  • Nightmare disorder
  • Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder
20
Q

Define: Non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorders (2)

A
  • Incomplete awakening from sleep, complex motor behaviour without conscious awareness; amnesia regarding episodes; includes symptoms of:
    • Sleepwalking
    • Sleep terrors
  • Specifiers: sleep-related sexual behaviour (sexsomnia) and sleep-related eating
21
Q

Define: Sleepwalking (1)

A

rising from bed and walking about, blank face, unresponsive, awakened with difficulty

22
Q

Define: Sleep terrors (2)

A
  • recurrent episodes of abrupt terror arousals from sleep
  • usually beginning with a panicky scream, intense fear and autonomic arousal, relative unresponsiveness to comfort during episodes
23
Q

Define: Nightmare disorder (2)

A
  • Repeated extended, extremely dysphoric, often very vivid, well-remembered dreams that usually involve significant threats
  • rapid orientation and alertness on awakening with autonomic arousal
24
Q

Define: Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (4)

A
  • Arousal during sleep
  • associated with vocalization and/or complex motor behaviours
  • can cause violent injuries
  • rapid orientation and alertness on awakening

TN Psychiatry (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions