1.4 Reducing risks Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the ways of reducing the risk of CVD?

A
  • stopping smoking
  • maintaining normal blood pressure
  • low blood cholesterol
  • normal bmi
  • exercise
  • moderate or no alcohol
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2
Q

what are the three main drugs used to treat high blood pressure?

A

ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers and diuretics

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3
Q

how do ACE inhibitors work?

A

these are anti hypertensive drugs that reduce the synthesis of angiotensin II which is a hormone that causes vasoconstriction of blood vessel

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4
Q

what are the side effects of AXE inhibitors?

A

dry cough, dizziness, abnormal heart rhythm and reduction in kidney function

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5
Q

how do calcium channel blockers work?

A

these are anti hypertensive drugs that block the calcium channels in the muscle in the lining of arteries. failure of calcium to enter the cell prevents contraction of the muscle

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6
Q

what are the side effects of calcium channel blockers?

A

headaches, dizziness, swollen ankles, abnormal heart rhythms, flushing red in the face and constipation

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7
Q

how do diuretics work?

A

increases the volume of urine produced by the kidneys and rids the body of excess fluid and salts.
this decreases the blood plasma volume and cardiac output

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8
Q

what are the side effects of diuretics?

A

dizziness, nausea and muscle cramps

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9
Q

what diet reduces blood cholesterol levels?

A

low fat diet

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10
Q

what drug lowers cholesterol?

A

statins

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11
Q

how do statins work?

A

they inhibit an enzyme involved in the production of LDL cholesterol by the liver

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12
Q

what are the side effects of statins?

A

tiredness, disturbed sleep, feeling sick, vomiting, diarrhoea, headaches and muscle weakness

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13
Q

what are key features of a diet to reduce the risk of CVD?

A
  • energy balanced
  • reduced saturated fat
  • more polyunsaturated fats
  • reduced cholesterol
  • reduced salt
  • oily fish
  • fruit and veg
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14
Q

name 3 anticoagulant and platelet inhibitory drugs

A

aspirin, clopidogrel and warfarin

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15
Q

how does aspirin work?

A

reduces the stickiness of platelets and the likelihood of clot formation

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16
Q

what is the potential consequence of aspirin?

A

bleeding the the gastrointestinal tract

17
Q

how does warfarin work?

A

interferes with the production of vitamin K and therefore affects the synthesis of clotting factors