1.4 Perspectives in psychology

Question 1

A Paradigm is…

Answer 1

Broad system of theoretical assumptions including distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, shared metaphors and research methods

Question 2

According to Khun, he proposes that perspective is….

Answer 2

Several schools of thought

Question 3

Freud suggests that the Psychodynamics perspective is…

Answer 3

How peoples actions, thoughts, feelings and wishes are associated in their minds

Question 4

A psychodynamic clinician observes…

Answer 4

a patient’s dreams, fantasies, posture and subtle behaviour towards the therapist

Question 5

The psychodynamic perspective relies substantially on…

Answer 5

the case study method, which entails in-depth observation of a small number of people

Question 6

According to Westen (1999, p. 1062), Freud contributed the following key propositions to psychoanalytic theory:

Answer 6

1. Enduring aspects of personality begin to emerge in childhood, and childhood experiences play an important role in personality development
2. Mental representations of self, others, and relationships guide people’s interactions with others
3. Mental processes, including affective and motivational processes, operate simultaneously and in parallel
4. Personality development involves not only learning to regulate sexual and aggressive feelings and wishes, but also moving from an immature dependent state to a mature independent one
5. Much of mental life is unconscious

Question 7

psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy suggests that..

Answer 7

positive long-term outcomes are evident for people with various conditions, including mood disorders, anxiety disorders, sexual dysfunction, and personality disorders (Gaskin, 2014)

Question 8

longer-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy of one year or more is…

Answer 8

more effective than shorter forms of therapy for treating complex mental disorders

Question 9

falsifiability criterion is credible only when….

Answer 9

the hypothesis must be capable of being tested and proven wrong

Question 10

behavioural perspective focuses on..

Answer 10

the role of the environment

Question 11

psychodynamic perspective focuses on..

Answer 11

internal events

Question 12

Key Perspectives & Figures:
Psychodynamic

Answer 12

Sigmund Freud
Behaviour is largely the result of unconscious processes, motivation and early experiences

Question 13

Key Perspectives & Figures:
Behaviourist

Answer 13

B.F Skinner
Behaviour is learned and selected by environment

Question 14

Key Perspectives & Figures:
Humanistic

Answer 14

Carl Rogers
Behaviour is experienced and shaped by self-actualisation & to fulfil inner potential

Question 15

Key Perspectives & Figures:
Cognitive

Answer 15

Rene Descartes
Behaviour is a product of information processing, storage and transformation and retrieval of data

Question 16

Key Perspectives & Figures:
Evolutionary

Answer 16

Charles Darwin
Psychological processes reflect an evolutionary process of natural selection

Question 17

Adaptive traits are…

Answer 17

characteristics that help organisms to adjust and survive in their environment.