1.4 Organic Molecules Flashcards
Which functional group will attach to a hydrocarbon chain to form alcohol?
carbonyl
carboxyl
hydroxyl
phosphate
amino
hydroxyl
The differences between organic and inorganic molecules do not follow simple absolute rules. However, most organic molecules are associated with living organisms. Which of the following statements does NOT correspond to the general distinctions between these types of molecules?
Salt (Na+Cl-) is not an organic molecule but is important to the life of many organisms.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) lacks hydrogen atoms found in organic molecules.
Formaldehyde (CH2O) is a small molecule compared to most organic molecules.
Because they are in living organisms, organic carbon atoms are different from the inorganic carbon atoms forming the molecular structure of soot or a diamond.
Because they are in living organisms, organic carbon atoms are different from the inorganic carbon atoms forming the molecular structure of soot or a diamond.
A hydrocarbon is hydrophobic
except when it has an attached ionized functional group.
only in the living cell environment.
at all times.
in carbohydrates but not in lipids.
except when it has an attached ionized functional group.
How many molecules of water are used to degrade this polypeptide, using hydrolysis reactions, into its constituent amino acids: alanine-leucine-tryptophane-glycine-valine-alanine?
6
7
5
1
5
Which of the following functional groups represents sulfhydryl?
C=O
H-N-H
SH
OH
0=C-OH
SH
What are organic molecules?
Molecules that contain both C and H atoms bonded to other atoms.
What are the 4 classes of organic molecules (biomolecules) in organisms?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.
True or false: the C-C bond is very stable and can form long chains.
True
A C atom can covalently bond with up to ___ other elements, generally CHNOPS
4
What are hydrocarbons?
Chains of only C and H atoms; they can be branched or ringed/cyclic compounds.
True or false: C atoms can form double or triple covalent bonds with certain atoms.
True
What is the skeleton or backbone of an organic molecule?
The carbon chain.
What is a functional group?
It is a specific combination of bonded atoms that always reacts in the same way regardless of the carbon skeleton it is attached to.
True or false: the majority of chemical reactivity of a biomolecule can be attributed to its functional groups, not its carbon skeleton.
True.
What is the “R” on a molecule?
The “R” signifies the remainder of the molecule and is where a functional group would be attached to a carbon skeleton.
