1.1 Chemical Elements

Question 1

What is matter?

Answer 1

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 2

What are the states of matter?

Answer 2

Solid, liquid, gas, plasma (generally excluded)

Question 3

All matter is composed of how many naturally occurring elements?

Answer 3

92 elements

Question 4

What is an element?

Answer 4

A substance that cannot be

broken down to simpler substances by ordinary chemical means. Made of atoms. Each have unique properties.

Question 5

What are the 6 elements that make of 95% of the body weight of organisms?

Answer 5

CHNOPS - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur.

Question 6

What is an atom?

Answer 6

The smallest unit of an element that still has the element’s properties. Made of specific numbers of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Question 7

What is a proton?

Answer 7

Positively-charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus.

Question 8

What is a neutron?

Answer 8

Neutrally-charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus.

Question 9

What is an electron?

Answer 9

Negatively-charged subatomic particle orbiting around the nucleus in the electron shell

Question 10

What is atomic number?

Answer 10

The number of protons and electrons of an element (assuming neutral charge). Accounts for unique properties of the atom.

Question 11

What is mass number?

Answer 11

Sum of number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus.

Question 12

How do you write an atom by itself?

Answer 12

Put the mass number as a left superscript of the atomic symbol and the atomic number a left subscript.

Question 13

What is atomic mass?

Answer 13

The average mass for all isotopes of that atom.

Question 14

What is an isotope?

Answer 14

Atoms of the same element differing in number of neutrons. They have different atomic masses.

Question 15

How do you find the number of neutrons?

Answer 15

Atomic mass - atomic number (number of protons) and round to the nearest whole number.

Question 16

What are groups on the periodic table?

Answer 16

Vertical columns.

Question 17

What are periods on the periodic table?

Answer 17

Horizontal rows.

Question 18

How does atomic mass change as you move down a group or across a period?

Answer 18

It increases.

Question 19

Who developed the periodic table?

Answer 19

Dimitri Mendeleev.

Question 20

What is amu? What is the amu of the subatomic particles?

Answer 20

Atomic Mass Unit. Protons and neutrons are each 1 amu; electrons are 0 amu.

Question 21

What is a Geiger counter?

Answer 21

An instrument used to measure radiation.

Question 22

How does the chemical behavior of a radioactive isotope differ from a stable isotope of the same element?

Answer 22

The chemical behavior is the same.

Question 23

What are tracers, and how are they used?

Answer 23

They are radioactive isotopes used in a small amount; when in the body, its location and activity can be tracked. Radioactively labeled glucose can be used to see which tissues are metabolically active. Iodine 131 is used to track thyroid function and structure.

Question 24

What are the effects of high-level radiation?

Answer 24

It can destroy cells. It can also damage dna, which can cause cancer. Careful usage can sterilize products, and targeted isotopes can destroy specific cancer cells.

Question 25

How does the Bohr model depict electron location?

Answer 25

Electrons are in orbitals inside various energy levels (electron shells). The farther the orbital from the nucleus, the higher the energy level (it takes more energy to keep the electrons away from the nucleus because it is attracted to the positive protons).

Question 26

How does energy from electrons support all life on earth?

Answer 26

Electrons are boosted to higher energy levels when an atom absorbs energy during photosynthesis. The electrons release energy as they return to their original energy level; the released energy is converted into chemical energy that supports all life.

Question 27

What is the octet rule?

Answer 27

The innermost electron shell of an atom is complete with 2 electrons; all other shells need 8 electrons to be complete.

Question 28

What is the valence shell?

Answer 28

The outermost electron shell of an atom; the electrons in this shell are called valence electrons.

Question 29

How do valence electrons affect chemical reactions?

Answer 29

They determine how reactions occur. To get a stable outer shell, the atom will give up, take, or share its electrons to have 8 so that it is stable.

Question 30

What are noble gases?

Answer 30

They are gases that rarely interact with other atoms. Notable ones include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon.

Question 31

Of boron, helium, argon, and neon, which would be more reactive with other elements?

Answer 31

Boron. The other three are noble gases and rarely interact with other elements.

Question 32

If the atomic number of an element is 6 and the atomic mass is 12.01, how many protons are there in the nucleus?

Answer 32

6. The atomic number gives the number of protons.

Question 33

Which of the following is/are an atom, an isotope, and an ion? Hydrogen gas, tritium, deuterium, H+.

Answer 33

H+.

Question 34

Which statement is NOT true about subatomic particles?

Protons are found in the nucleus

All electrons in an atom contain the same amount of energy

Electrons contain much less mass than neutrons

Electrons are found in orbitals around the nucleus

Answer 34

All electrons in an atom contain the same amount of energy

Question 35

Both 18O and 16O are found in nature. However, 16O is the most common. Therefore,
Question options:

only the common form of 16O can bond with hydrogen atoms to form H2O

18O has two additional electrons in its outer shell

18O is the form of oxygen that provides living cells with life

oxygen atoms can have eight or 10 neutrons

Answer 35

oxygen atoms can have eight or 10 neutrons