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IGCSE Chemistry > 14 Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

14 Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Fossil fuels that produce carbon dioxide on combustion (4)

A

coal, natural gas, petroleum, fossil fuels

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2
Q

Main constituent of natural gas

A

methane

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3
Q

Petroleum is a mixture of ____________ and it is separated into useful _________ by __________ ____________

A

hydrocarbons, fractions, fractional distillation

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4
Q

Fractions of petroleum in order

A

refinery gas, gasoline (petrol), naphtha, paraffin (kerosene), diesel oil (gas oil), fuel oil, lubricating fraction, bitumen

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5
Q

Down the order of fractions of petroleum, what are the trends (2)

A

boiling point increases
viscosity increases

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6
Q

Uses of fractions of petroleum

A

refinery gas - bottled gas for heating and cooking
gasoline fraction - fuel in cars
naphtha fraction - feedstock for making chemicals
kerosene/paraffin fraction - for jet fuel
diesel oil/gas oil - fuel in diesel engines
fuel oil - for fuel for ships and home heating systems
lubricating fraction - for lubricants, waxes and polishes
bitumen - road surfaces

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7
Q

Homologous series (alkanes and alkenes)

A

families of similar compounds with the same general formula (same functional group) and similar chemical properties

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8
Q

Alkanes

A

saturated hydrocarbons whose molecules contain only single covalent bonds

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9
Q

Properties of alkanes

A

generally unreactive, except in terms of burning

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10
Q

Complete combustion of hydrocarbons

A

–> carbon dioxide + water

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11
Q

Alkenes

A

unsaturated hydrocarbons whose molecules contain one double covalent bond

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12
Q

Cracking

A

a reaction that produces alkenes

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13
Q

Conditions required for cracking

A

Heat
Catalyst

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14
Q

Saturated hydrocarbon + bromine –>

A

remains brown

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15
Q

Unsaturated hydrocarbon + bromine –>

A

changes to colourless

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16
Q

Ways to form ethanol (2)

A

fermentation: glucose –(enzymes in yeast)–> ethanol + carbon dioxide
ethene + steam –> ethanol

17
Q

Complete combustion of ethanol produces …

A

carbon dioxide and water

18
Q

Uses of ethanol (2)

A

solvent and fuel

19
Q

Polymers

A

long chain molecules formed from small units (monomers)

20
Q

Different polymers have different _______ units and/or different ________

A

monomer, linkages

21
Q

Example of addition polymerisation of monomer units

A

poly(ethene)

22
Q

Differences between addition and condensation polymerisation

A

addition - only one product
condensation - more than one product, usually a byproduct of water

23
Q

Example of condensation polymerisation

A

nylon -(-O=C-[]-C=O-/-H-N-[]-N-H-)-

IGCSE Chemistry (5 decks)

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