1.4 Normal Cartilage and Bone

Question 1

what are the three types of cartilage?

Answer 1

hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

Question 2

sheath of dense CT outside cartilage that carries the blood vessels that supply nutrients to the cartilage

Answer 2

perichondrium

Question 3

in the innermost layer of the __________ are the chondroblasts. what do they do?

Answer 3

perichondrium

secrete ECM

Question 4

chondrocytes are ________ that have what?

Answer 4

chondroblasts, surrounded themselves with ECM

Question 5

chondrocytes sit in _______

Answer 5

lacunae

Question 6

cartilage resists tearing and compression because of these two molecules: ________ and ________

Answer 6

aggrecan and type 2 collagen

Question 7

appositional growth: _____________

Answer 7

chondroblasts, cartilage expands at edges

Question 8

interstitial growth: ____________

Answer 8

chondrocytes, cartilage expands from the middle

Question 9

isogenous groups:

these are characteristic of what?

Answer 9

two or more chondrocytes occupying the same lacuna

growing cartilage

Question 10

type of cartilage in:

costal cartilages, rings of upper airways, articulating surfaces of synovial joints

Answer 10

hyaline cartilage

Question 11

what type of cartilage has no perichondrium? (2)

Answer 11

articular cartilage (type of hyaline)
fibrocartilage

Question 12

type of cartilage in:

pinna of ear and epiglottis

Answer 12

elastic

Question 13

ECM of elastic cartilage:

Answer 13

type 2 collages, elastic fibers, aggrecan

Question 14

ECM of fibrocartilage:

Answer 14

type 1 collagen fibers, type 2 collagen fibers, aggrecan

Question 15

type of cartilage:

intervertebral disks, menisci of knee

Answer 15

fibrocartilage

Question 16

aggrecan binds to _________ to form huge aggregates. attracts ________

Answer 16

hyaluronan

water

Question 17

the _______ makes synovial fluid, which supplies nutrients to the ______________

Answer 17

synovium

articular cartilage

Question 18

the synovium has _________________, allowing for easy infection

Answer 18

no tight junctions/basal lamina

Question 19

synoviocytes look like an epithelium but what do they lack?

Answer 19

tight junctions and basal lamina

Question 20

organic matrix component of bone:

what does it provide? (stability wise)

Answer 20

type 1 collagen

resists fracture

Question 21

inorganic matrix component of bone:

what does it provide (stability wise)?

Answer 21

hydroxyapatite

stiffens bone, resists bending and compression

Question 22

stem cells located in bone marrow and in periosteum. When stimulated by __________________ (___s), they become osteoblasts

Answer 22

osteoprogenitor cells

bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)

Question 23

cells that secrete the organic component of bone matrix (osteoid). where is this cell located?

Answer 23

osteoblasts

inner periosteum and endosteum

Question 24

what cells sense and respond to mechanical forces on a bone to stimulate remodeling?

how do they get their nutrients?

Answer 24

osteocytes

extend long processes to make gap junctions with neighboring cells - run in canaliculi

Question 25

new bone is laid down as ________ bone and is then remodeled into ________ bone

Answer 25

woven

lamellar