1.4 managing people Flashcards
What is the difference as staff as an asset and staff as a cost?
Staff are an asset to a business as they bring knowledge, skills, and expertise to the business but they also generate costs to a business ( wages, training, salary, redundancy )
What are the ways to develop a flexible workforce ?
Part time
Multiskilling
Outsourcing
Home working
Temporary
What is the advantages and disadvantages of multiskilling ?
utilise workforce more efficiently reducing labour costs
significant training
may not appropriate for all jobs
What is the advantages and disadvantages of part time ?
- help to retain staff
- improve productivity
- challenged in terms of communication and collaboration
- monitoring flexible workers
What is the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing?
specialised skills
lower labour costs
loss of control over quality
clashes
ethical concerns
What is the difference between dismissal and redundancy?
Dismissal is the termination of employment by an employer against will of employee
Redundancy is when the job is no longer available and workforce reduces
What is the individual approach to the employer/employee relationships?
- each employee is unique
- tailored packages
- negotiate respecitive roles, responsibilities, benefits
- employer has power to hire, fire, set terms and conditions of employment
What is the collective bargaining approach to employer/employee relations?
- trade union represents workers
- employees have more barganing power as negotiate collectively
- power struggle
What is recruitment?
Process of attracting and identifying potential job candidates who are suitable for a particular role
What is selection and the process?
process of choosing the best candidate
Selection activities often involve reviewing CVs and conducting interviews or assessment tasks
What is the process of recruitment, selecting ?
- define role - specification, description
2.determine best source of candidates - internal and external recruitment - advertise - social media
- receive - cv
- selection - interviews and assessments
What are the types of training provided?
Induction - first start working
On the job - whilst working
Of the job - outside working
The Advantages & Disadvantages of Induction Training ?
- understand roles better
- introduce to culture
- direct questions
- time consuming
- wont cover all aspects
The Advantages & Disadvantages of On the Job Training ?
- learn in the day to day
- tailored
- more relevant
- cost effectove
- make mistakes impacting productivity
- trainer has to devote time
The Advantages & Disadvantages of Off-the-Job Training ?
fresh ideas and perspectives
tailored training
cost effective
travel, accom
miss work
not directly applicable
What is hierachy?
A hierarchy refers to the levels of authority within an organization
What is chain of command?
The chain of command is the formal line of authority that flows down from the top management to lower-level employees
What is the span of control and the types?
Span of control refers to the number of employees that a manager or supervisor can effectively manage
A narrower span of control means that there are more layers of management
A wider span of control means that there are fewer layers of management
What is the difference between centralised and decentralised structures?
In a centralised structure, decision-making authority is concentrated at the top of the organization with senior management making most of the decisions
In a decentralised structure, decision-making authority is distributed throughout the organization, with lower-level employees having more decision-making power
What is a tall organisational structure ?
- Characterised by multiple levels of management and a more centralised decision making process
- A long chain of command
- Common in large organisations with complex operations e.g. government agencies and universities
What is a flat organisational structure ?
- Characterised by fewer levels of management and a more decentralised decision-making process
- A short chain of command
- Common in small organisations or start-ups e.g. tech start-ups and small businesses
What is a matrix structure?
T- he structure is usually built around specific products or projects e.g. KitKat has its team within Nestlé
- It combines the functional areas of a business (HR, finance, marketing, sales) with a specialist team that operates inside the business
What is the advantages and disadvantages of a tall structure?
- clear hierachy
- promotes specialisation
- career advancement
- communication barriers
- slow
- bureaucracy
What is the advantages of disadvanathes of flat structure?
- cross collab
- faster
- creativity
- role ambiguity
- no career advancement
- employees need to take multiple roles
What is the advantages and disadvantages of matrix?
- cross collab
- specialisation
- coordination of multiple projects
- conflicts over priorites
- high degree of communication
- confusion over roles
What is motivation?
inner desire or willingness that propels a person to take action and achieve a specific goal or outcome
What is the impact of motivation on productivity?
- Motivated employees are more productive and efficient as they are more likely to be engaged in their work and take initiative to meet or exceed their goals
- They will generate higher levels of output and quality
- Increased productivity results in higher profits for the business
What is the impacts of motivation on the reliability of workers?
- Reliable and dependable
- Lower absenteeism
- Higher productivity
What is the impact of motivation on turnover rates?
- Lower turnover rates
- Lower costs for recruitment
What is Taylors scientific management ?
- Piece rate pay
- Select and train workers
- Standardise work process
What is the advantages and disadvantages of Taylors Scientific Management ?
Advantages
- Increases efficiency
- Standardised so everyone can follow
- Specialisation of labour
- Clear hierarchy
Disadvantages
- lower worker satisfaction
- limited applicability
- used for sweat shop workers
What is Mayo’s motivation theory?
- He looks at the importance of social factors within the workplace
- Empowering employees
- Team building
- Encouraging employee development
What is the advantages and disadvantages of Mayo’s theory?
- Improved job satisfaction
- Better communication
- Employee empowerment
- Lack of control
- Potential for conflict
- Does not work for businesses with autonomy
What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
Physiological, Safety, Love, Esteem, Self actualisation
- individuals need to meet full potential
What is the advantages and disadvantages of Maslow’s Hierarchy?
- higher employee satisfaction
- increased motivation
- increased performance
- one size does not fit all
- expensive
- time consuming
What is Herzberg’s Theory of motivation?
TWO FACTOR THEORY :
Hygiene - absence can lead to dissatisfaction
eg working conditions, wage, policy
Motivators - lead to job satisfaction and motivation
eg achievement, recognition, advancement
What are some financial incentives used to improve performance and which theorist do they link to ?
Piecework - Taylor
Commission - Hertzberg Hygiene
Bonus - Hertzberg Motivator
Profit share - Hertzberg
Performance related pay - Herzberg
What are non financial incentives?
Delegation
Consultation
Empowerment
Team working
Flexible working
Job enrichment
Job rotation
Job enlargement
What is the difference between Leadership and management?
Leadership is about having a vision, sharing that vision with others and providing direction
Management is the day-to-day organisation of the business, its resources and its staffing
What are the key differences between leadership and management?
Vision vs. Execution
Leadership focuses on creating a vision, setting direction, and inspiring others to follow
Management focuses on executing plans, organising resources and ensuring tasks are completed on time
Influence vs. Control
Leadership focuses on influencing others to achieve a common goal by inspiring and motivating
Management focuses on controlling resources and processes to ensure that objectives are met
People vs. Processes
Leadership focuses on people, their needs, and their motivation
Management focuses on processes, structures and systems
Long-term vs. Short-term
Leadership focuses on the long-term vision and strategy
Management focuses on short-term goals and targets
Creativity vs. Efficiency
Leadership encourages creativity and innovation
Management focuses more on efficiency and productivity
What are the 4 different leadership styles and what do they consists of ?
Autocratic - complete control
Paternalistic - parental role making decisions in best interest of staff
Democratic - Involves team in decision making
Laissez Faire - Hands off approach and allows their team to manage their own work
