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Brainscape Spanish > 1.4 Lesson > Flashcards

1.4 Lesson Flashcards

Adjectives to describe physical and mental state, and the common verb ESTAR

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1
Q

Translate to Spanish.

to be

(for transitory situations)

A

estar

to be - estar. Note that while ser is used to describe a state of permanence (e.g. Soy mujer), estar is used to describe transitory situations (e.g. Estoy feliz)

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2
Q

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Are you close to the building?

A

¿Estás cerca del edificio?

you are - estás. Estás (“you are”) is derived from the irregular verb estar (“to be”)

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3
Q

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How are you?

A

¿Cómo estás?

how? -¿cómo?. The phrase ¿Qué tal? is also sometimes used to mean “How are you?”. (The word tal by itself means “such”)

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4
Q

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You are sad

A

Tú estás triste

sad - triste

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5
Q

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I am not sad

A

Yo no estoy triste

I am - estoy. Note how estar is used in this situation, rather than ser, since your state of being sad is transitory and not permanent

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6
Q

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I am at home

A

Yo estoy en casa

at home - en casa

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7
Q

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I am tired

A

Yo estoy cansado

tired - cansado

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8
Q

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She is tired

A

Ella está cansada

he/she is - está

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9
Q

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He is happy

A

Él está contento/feliz

happy - contento, feliz. Feliz is generally used to describe a greater degree of joy than contento.

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10
Q

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You (ud) are sick

A

Usted está enfermo

sick - enfermo

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11
Q

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We are not sick

A

Nosotros no estamos enfermos

we are - estamos

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12
Q

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They are happy

A

Ellos están contentos

they are - están

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13
Q

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They (fem) are awake

A

Ellas están despiertas

awake - despierto

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14
Q

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You (uds) are busy

A

Ustedes están ocupados

busy - ocupado

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15
Q

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You (vosotras) are not awake

A

Vosotras no estáis despiertas

you (vosotros) are - estáis. Note that like nosotras, vosotras is the feminine version of the pronoun

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16
Q

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TO BE (estar)

  • I am
  • You are
  • He/She is
  • We are
  • You are
  • They are
A

ESTAR

  • Yo estoy
  • Tú estás
  • Él/Ella/Ud está
  • Nosotros estamos
  • Vosotros estáis
  • Ellos/Ellas/Uds están
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17
Q

What are the uses of the verb ser?

A
  • place of origin, nationality
  • occupation
  • possession
  • inherent and essential qualities
  • religious or political affiliation
  • the material something is made of
  • the hour, date, and day
  • where an event is taking place
18
Q

What are the uses of the verb estar?

A
  • a state or condition when used with adjectives
  • geographic locations
  • progressive tenses
  • many idiomatic expressions
19
Q

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Rafa and Miguel are clever students

A

Rafa y Miguel son estudiantes listos

clever - listo

20
Q

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Is Julio still teaching at the same school?

A

¿Todavía está enseñando Julio en la misma escuela?

still - todavía

21
Q

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Clara is busy; she’s not ready

A

Clara está ocupada; no está lista

ready - listo. Note that when used with ser, listo means “clever”. When used with estar, it means “ready”

22
Q

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The building is not safe

A

El edificio no es seguro

safe - seguro

23
Q

Translate to Spanish.

I am sure that Monica is awake

A

Estoy seguro de que Monica está despierta

sure - seguro. Note that when used with ser, seguro means “safe.” When used with estar, it means “sure” and it must match the gender of the person who is “sure”

24
Q

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She is very tired because she runs every day

A

Ella está muy cansada porque corre todos los días

because - porque

25
Q

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Rodrigo is weak because he is sick

A

Rodrigo está débil porque está enfermo

weak - débil

26
Q

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Roberto and I are dizzy because we are sick

A

Roberto y yo estamos mareados porque estamos enfermos

dizzy - mareado

27
Q

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I am bored

A

Estoy aburrido

bored - aburrido

28
Q

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Marta is bored of reading

A

Marta está aburrida de leer

verb + of - verbo + de. Note that in Spanish you use the infinitive form of the verb when the verb is preceded by a conjugated verb

29
Q

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Mariana and Rafael are bored from so much studying

A

Mariana y Rafael están aburridos de tanto estudiar

so much - tanto

30
Q

Translate to Spanish.

He is boring

A

Él es aburrido

Note that by using ser rather than estar, we can change the word “bored” to mean “boring.” Ser denotes the permanent characteristic that he is a boring person.

31
Q

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You (ud) are very embarrassed

A

Usted está muy avergonzado

embarrassed - avergonzado

32
Q

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You (vosotros) are jealous

A

Vosotros estáis celosos

jealous - celoso

33
Q

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The student is angry with the teacher (fem.)

A

El estudiante está enojado con la maestra

angry - enojado

34
Q

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All of the students are happy to go to the university

A

Todos los estudiantes están felices de ir a la universidad

Note that the plural of feliz is felices. When forming the plural for nouns ending in -z, you must always change the z to a c

35
Q

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Paloma is sick, so she does not eat a lot

A

Paloma está enferma, entonces no come mucho

so, then - entonces

36
Q

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What is this thing?

A

¿Qué es esta cosa?

thing - la cosa

37
Q

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Carlos never goes to class, so the teacher is annoyed

A

Carlos nunca va a clase, entonces la maestra está molesta

annoyed - molesto

38
Q

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We do not study, so we are worried

A

Nosotros no estudiamos, entonces estamos preocupados

worried - preocupado

39
Q

Translate to Spanish.

  • Who?
  • What?
  • Which?
  • When?
  • How?
  • How many?
  • How much?
  • Where?
A
  • Who? - ¿Quién?
  • What? - ¿Qué?
  • Which? - ¿Cuál?
  • When? - ¿Cuándo?
  • How? - ¿Cómo?
  • How many? - ¿Cuántos?
  • How much? - ¿Cuánto?
  • Where? - ¿Dónde?
40
Q

Translate to Spanish.

I’m not ready yet

A

Todavía no estoy listo

not yet - todavía no. Do not confuse this with ya no, which means “not anymore”

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