1.4 IP Addressing

Question 1

Private IPv4

Answer 1

10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

Question 2

Unicast

Answer 2

One station sending info to another station
-web surfing, file transfer
-does not scale optimally for streaming media

Question 3

Broadcast

Answer 3

Send info to everyone at once
-limited scope (broadcast domain)
-routing updates, arp requests
-not used in IPv6

Question 4

Multicast

Answer 4

• one to many
• difficult to scale (very specialized)
• used in both v4 and v6 (used extensively in v6)
  -IPv6:
  —starts with ff
  —well-known:
  —-ff02::1 - all IPv6 devices
  —-ff02::2 - all IPv6 routers
  —-ff02::5 - all ospfv3 routers
  —-ff02::a - all EIGRP routers

Question 5

Anycast

Answer 5

• single destination ip address has multiple paths to 2 or more endpoints
  — one to one of many
• configure the same anycast address on different devices
  — looks like any other unicast add.
• packets are delivered to the closest interface
  — anycast dns

Question 6

IP classes

Answer 6

A 1-127
B 128-191
C 192-223
D 224-239 (multicast)
E 240-254 (reserved)

Question 7

VLSM

Answer 7

Variable length subnet mask

• use different subnet masks in the same classful network
• classless
• subnetting concept

Question 8

CIDR

Answer 8

Classless Inter-Domain Routing notation

-enables routers to group routes together under one network when using VLSM.
- supernetting concept

Question 9

IPv6

Answer 9

Starts with FE80, last half uses EUI-64

::1 = loopback

Multicast and MAC address
Ff02::1 all devices (33-33-00-00-00-01)
Ff02::2 all routers(33-33-00-00-00-02)
Ff02::5 OSPF routers
Ff02::a EIGRP routers

Question 10

EUI-64

Answer 10

-Take MAC (eui-48 since 48 bits)
-split in half
- put FFFE in the middle (adding 16 bits to the 48 bit MAC)
-invert the seventh bit
—- changes the address from globally unique/universal
—- turns the burned in address (BIA) into a locally administered address
—- the is the U/L bit (universal/local)

*inverting 7th bit of 1st hexadecimal
8c:2d:aa:4b:98:a7
8c = 1000 1100
8e = 1000 1110
8e:2d:aa:4b:98:a7
**
8e:2d:aa:4b:98:a7
8e:2d:aa:ff:fe:4b:98:a7
Fe80:8e2d:aaff:fe4b:98a7

Question 11

Dual-stack routing

Answer 11

Run IPv4 and IPv6 at the same time
-interface will be assigned multiple address types

Question 12

NDP

Answer 12

Neighbor Discovery Protocol

No broadcasts - uses multicast in IPv6
Replaces IPv4 ARP

*SLAAC (stateless address auto configuration)
*DAD (Duplicate address detection)
- no duplicate IPs
* Discover routers
RS and RA

Question 13

Finding Routers (IPv6)

Answer 13

• ICMPv6 adds the Neighbor Discovery Protocol
• Routers also send unsolicited RA messages
– From the multicast destination of ff02::1
• Transfers IPv6 address information, prefix value, and prefix length, etc.
- Sent as a multicast
• Neighbor Advertisement (NA)