14 - Inflammation and Tissue Repair Flashcards
What is inflammation
Response of a vascularised tissue to injury
What are the 5 cardinal signs of acute inflammation
Rubor
Tumor
Calor
Dolor
Functio laesa
What is rubor
Redness
What is tumor
Swelling
What is calor
Heat
What is Dolor
Pain
What is functio laesa
Loss of function
Cellulitis is an acute skin infection commonly caused by what
Streptococcus pyogenes OR staphylococcus aureus
What is rubor/ redness due to
Dilation of small blood vessels
What is tumor/ swelling due to
Accumulation of fluid
What is calor/ heat due to
Increased blood flow
What is dolor/ pain due to
Stretching and distortion of tissues and due to bradykinin
What are the 2 types of inflammation starting with B and H
Beneficial and harmful
What are the 2 things involved in beneficial inflammation
Inflammation dilute/ destroy/ neutralise the offending agents- eg. destruction of invading microorganisms and the walling off of an abscess cavity, thus preventing spread of infection
Inflammation is followed by repair
What is involved in harmful ininflammation
Both the initial inflammatory reaction and the subsequent healing process can potentially cause harm in delicate tissues such as brain tissue
List the causes of inflammation
Infection
Trauma
Necrosis
Immune mediated
Toxin
Chemical
In 3 simple steps list the process of inflammation
1) vasodilation and permeability of blood vessels increased
2) phagocyte migration and phagocytosis
3) tissue healing and repair
Inflammation can be acute or chronic. Compare the both
Acute - short duration (days to few weeks)
Chronic - longer duration (weeks to years)
What are the 4 steps of inflammatory response
- Damage to tissue and tissue infection
- Histamine release causes capilleries to dilate and leak protein rich fluid (exudate)
- Phagocytes migration that engulf bacteria and cell debris
- Platelets aggregate to seal the capilleries in the wound area
What is the vascular reaction of cell migration
Vasodilation and increase vascular permeability
eg. margination
What is the cellular reaction of inflammation
Cellular migration (diapedesis)
Eg chemotaxis
What is chemotaxis
Movement of cells towards the site of inflammation in response to chemo tactic substances
Eg. Bacterial product, complement component C5a, leukotriene LTB4
