14 Conjuctions and Prepositions Flashcards
<p>After <strong>although </strong>we use a sub\_\_\_\_ + v\_\_.</p>
<p>Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday.<br></br>0 I didn't get the job although I had the necessary qualifications.<br></br>Compare the meaning of although and because:<br></br>8 We went out although it was raining heavily.<br></br>0 We didn't go out because it was raining heavily.</p>
<p>After <strong>although </strong>we use a sub\_\_\_\_ + v\_\_.</p>
<ul> <li><span><strong>Although </strong><u><em>it rained</em> </u>a lot, we enjoyed our holiday.</span></li> <li><span>I didn't get the job <strong>although </strong><u><em>I had</em></u> the necessary qualifications.</span></li></ul>
<p>Compare the meaning of although and because:</p>
<ul> <li><span>We went out <strong>although </strong><u><em>it was</em></u> raining heavily.</span></li> <li><span>We didn't go out because it was raining heavily.</span></li></ul>
<p>After <strong>in spite of</strong> or <strong>despite</strong>, we use a n\_\_\_, a p\_\_\_ (this / that / what etc.) or <u>-ing</u>.</p>
<p><br></br>0 In spite of the rain, we enjoyed our holiday.<br></br>0 I didn't get the job in spite of having the necessary qualifications.<br></br>C She wasn't well, but in spite of this she continued working.<br></br>0 In spite of what I said yesterday, I still love you.<br></br>Despite is the same as in spite of. We say in spite of, but despite (without of): = She wasn't well, but despite this she continued working. (not despite of this)<br></br>You can say in spite of the fact (that) ... and despite the fact (that) ... :<br></br>0 I d.d , h . b { in spite of the fact (that) l h d h l'f' .<br></br>' n t get t e JO despite the fact (that) I a t e necessary qua 1 1ca t1ons.<br></br>Compare in spite of and because of:<br></br>0 We went out in spite of the rain. (or ... despite the rain .)<br></br>C We didn't go out because of the rain.</p>
<p>After <strong>in spite of</strong> or <strong>despite</strong>, we use a <u>noun</u>, a <u>pronoun</u> (this / that / what etc.) or <u>-ing</u>.</p>
<ul> <li><span><strong>In spite of</strong> the <u><em>rain</em></u>, we enjoyed our holiday.</span></li> <li><span>I didn't get the job <strong>in spite of</strong> hav<u><em>ing</em></u> the necessary qualifications.</span></li> <li><span>She wasn't well, but <strong>in spite of</strong> <u><em>this</em></u> she continued working.</span></li> <li><span><strong>In spite of</strong> <u><em>what</em></u> I said yesterday, I still love you.</span></li></ul>
<p><strong>Despite</strong> is the <u>same</u> as <strong>in spite of</strong>. We say in spite of, but despite (<em>without of)</em>:</p>
<ul> <li><span>She wasn't well, but <strong>despite </strong><u><em>this</em></u> she continued working. (not despite of this)</span></li></ul>
<p>You can say <strong>in spite of the fact</strong> (that) ... and despite the fact (that) ... :</p>
<ul> <li><span>I didn't get the job <strong>in spite of the fact</strong> (that) / <strong>despite the fact</strong> (that) I was qualified.</span></li></ul>
<p>Compare in spite of and because of:</p>
<ul> <li><span>We went out <strong>in spite of</strong> the rain. (or ... <strong>despite</strong> the rain .)</span></li> <li><span>We didn't go out <strong>because of </strong>the rain.</span></li></ul>
<p>What are the equiavlents in French for although and <strong>in spite of</strong> / <strong>despite</strong>?</p>
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<p>What are the equiavlents in French for although and <strong>in spite of</strong> / <strong>despite</strong>? <u>Bien que</u> et <u>malgré</u>.</p>
<ul> <li><span><strong>Although </strong>the traffic was bad / In spite of the traffic, we arrived on time. (<em>not</em> In spite of the traffic was bad)</span></li> <li><span>I could'nt sleep although I was tired / despite being very tired. (<strong>not</strong> despite I was tired)</span></li></ul>
<p><strong>Though </strong>is the same as alth\_\_\_\_.</p>
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<p><strong>Though </strong>is the same as <u>although</u>.</p>
<ul> <li><span>I didn't get the job though I had the necessary qualifications.</span></li></ul>
<p>In spoken English we often use <strong>though </strong>at the <em><u>end</u></em> of a sentence:</p>
<ul> <li><span>The house isn't so nice. I like the garden<strong><u>, </u>though</strong>. (=but I like the garden)</span></li> <li><span>I see them every day. I've never spoken to them<strong><u>, </u>though</strong>. (= but I've never spoken to them)</span></li></ul>
<p><strong>Even though</strong> (but not 'even' alone) is a stronger form of <strong>although</strong>:</p>
<ul> <li><span><strong>Even though</strong> I was really tired, I couldn't sleep. (not Even I was really tired ... )</span></li></ul>
<p>Complete the sentences with <strong>although </strong>/ <strong>in spite of</strong> / <strong>because</strong> / <strong>because of</strong>.</p>
<ul> <li>\_\_\_\_ all our careful plans, a lot of things went wrong.</li> <li>\_\_\_\_ we'd planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong.</li></ul>
<p>Complete the sentences with <strong>although </strong>/ <strong>in spite of</strong> / <strong>because</strong> / <strong>because of</strong>.</p>
<ul> <li><strong>In spite of</strong> all our careful plans, a lot of things went wrong.</li> <li><strong>Although</strong> we'd planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong.</li></ul>
<p>Complete the sentences with <strong>although </strong>/ <strong>in spite of</strong> / <strong>because </strong>/ <strong>because of</strong>.</p>
<ul> <li>I went home early . \_\_\_\_ I was feeling unwell.</li> <li>I went to work the next day \_\_\_\_ I was still feeling unwell.</li></ul>
<p>Complete the sentences with <strong>although </strong>/ <strong>in spite of</strong> / <strong>because </strong>/ <strong>because of</strong>.</p>
<ul> <li>I went home early . <strong>Because</strong> I was feeling unwell.</li> <li>I went to work the next day <strong>although </strong>I was still feeling unwell.</li></ul>
<p>Complete the sentences with <strong>although </strong>/ <strong>in spite of</strong> / <strong>because </strong>/ <strong>because of</strong>.</p>
<ul> <li>She only accepted the job \_\_\_\_ the salary, which was very high.</li> <li> <p>She accepted the job \_\_\_\_ the salary, which was rather low.</p> </li></ul>
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<p>Complete the sentences with <strong>although </strong>/ <strong>in spite of</strong> / <strong>because </strong>/ <strong>because of</strong>.</p>
<ul> <li>She only accepted the job <strong>because of</strong> the salary, which was very high.</li> <li> <p>She accepted the job <strong>in spite of</strong> the salary, which was rather low.</p> </li></ul>
<p>Complete the sentences with <strong>although </strong>/ i<strong>n spite of </strong>/ <strong>because </strong>/ <strong>because of</strong>.</p>
<ul> <li>I managed to get to sleep \_\_\_\_ there was a lot of noise.</li> <li>I couldn't get to sleep \_\_\_\_ the noise.</li></ul>
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<p>Complete the sentences with <strong>although </strong>/ i<strong>n spite of </strong>/ <strong>because </strong>/ <strong>because of</strong>.</p>
<ul> <li>I managed to get to sleep <strong>alothough</strong> there was a lot of noise.</li> <li>I couldn't get to sleep <strong>because of</strong> the noise.</li></ul>
<p>Make one sentence from two. Use the word(s) in brackets in your sentences.</p>
<p>They have very little money. They are happy. (in spite of) In spite \_\_\_\_.</p>
<p>Make one sentence from two. Use the word(s) in brackets in your sentences.</p>
<p>They have very little money. They are happy. (in spite of)</p>
<p><u>In spite of having / In spite of the fact (that)</u> they have very little money, they are happy.</p>
<p>Make one sentence from two. Use the word(s) in brackets in your sentences.</p>
<p>My foot was injured. I managed to walk home. (although) \_\_\_\_.</p>
<p>Make one sentence from two. Use the word(s) in brackets in your sentences.</p>
<p>My foot was injured. I managed to walk home. (although) \_\_\_\_.</p>
<p><u>Although my foot was injured</u>, I managed to walk home (<u>although my foot was injured</u>).</p>
<p>Make one sentence from two. Use the word(s) in brackets in your sentences.</p>
<p>I enjoyed the film. The story was si lly. (in spite of) \_\_\_\_.</p>
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<p>Make one sentence from two. Use the word(s) in brackets in your sentences.</p>
<p>I enjoyed the film. The story was si lly. (in spite of)</p>
<p><u>In spite the fact (that</u>) the story was silly, I enjoyed the film.</p>
<p><u>In spite of the silly story</u>, I enjoyed the film.</p>
<p><u>In spite of the story being silly</u>, I enjoyed the film.</p>
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<p>Make one sentence from two. Use the word(s) in brackets in your sentences.</p>
<p>We live in the same street. We hardly ever see each other. (despite) \_\_\_\_.</p>
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<p>Make one sentence from two. Use the word(s) in brackets in your sentences.</p>
<p>We live in the same street. We hardly ever see each other. (despite) \_\_\_\_.</p>
<p><u>Despite living</u> in the same street, we hardly ever see each other.</p>
<p><u>Despite the fact (that) we live</u> in the same street, we hardly see each other.</p>
<p>Make one sentence from two. Use the word(s) in brackets in your sentences.</p>
<p>I got very wet in the rain. I was only out for five minutes. (even though) \_\_\_\_.</p>
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<p>Make one sentence from two. Use the word(s) in brackets in your sentences.</p>
<p>I got very wet in the rain. I was only out for five minutes. (even though) \_\_\_\_.</p>
<p><u>Even though I was</u> out only for five minutes, I got very wet in the rain.</p>
<p>Use the words in brackets to make a sentence with though at the end.</p>
<p>It's warm today. (very windy) \_\_\_\_.</p>
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<p>Use the words in brackets to make a sentence with though at the end.</p>
<p>It's warm today. (very windy) \_\_\_\_. It's very windy, though.</p>
<p>Use the words in brackets to make a sentence with though at the end.</p>
<p>We didn't like the food. (ate) \_\_\_\_.</p>
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<p>Use the words in brackets to make a sentence with though at the end.</p>
<p>We didn't like the food. (ate) <u>We ate it, though</u>.</p>
<p>Use the words in brackets to make a sentence with though at the end.</p>
<p>Liz is very nice. (don't like I husband) I\_\_\_\_.</p>
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<p>Use the words in brackets to make a sentence with though at the end.</p>
<p>Liz is very nice. (don't like I husband) I <u>don't like her hudband, though</u>.</p>
<p>Your car should have a spare wheel <strong>in case</strong> you have a flat tire. <strong>In case</strong> you have a flat tire = because it is p\_\_\_\_.</p>
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<p>Your car should have a spare wheel <strong>in case</strong> you have a flat tire. <strong>In case</strong> you have a flat tire = because it is <u>possible</u>.</p>
<ul> <li><span>l'lleave my mobile phone switched on <strong>in case </strong>Jane calls. (=because it is possible she will call)</span></li> <li><span>I'll draw a map for you <strong>in case</strong> you have problems finding our house. </span></li></ul>
<p><span>We use just in case for a smaller possibility:</span></p>
<ul> <li><span><span>I don't think it will rain, but I'll take an umbrella just in case. (=just in case it rains)</span></span></li></ul>
<p><span>Do not use will after in case. Use a present tense for the future:</span></p>
<ul> <li><span>I'll leave my phone switched to <strong>in case</strong> Jane <strong>calls</strong>.</span></li></ul>
<p><span><strong>In case</strong> is not the same as <strong>if</strong>. We use in case to say w\_\_\_ somebody does (or doesn't do) something. You do something n\_\_ <strong>in case</strong> something happens later.</span></p>
<p><span><strong>In case</strong> is not the same as <strong>if</strong>. We use in case to say w\_\_\_ somebody does (or doesn't do) something. You do something n\_\_ <strong>in case</strong> something happens later.</span></p>
<ul> <li><span>We' ll buy some more food <strong>in case</strong> Tom comes. (=Maybe Tom wilt come. We'll buy some more food <u>now</u>, whether he comes or not; then we'll already have the food if he comes.)</span></li> <li><span>We'll buy some more food if Tom comes. (= Maybe Tom will come. If he comes, we'll buy some more food; if he doesn't come, we won't buy any more food.)</span></li></ul>
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<p>You can use <strong>in case</strong> + <u>past</u> to say w\_\_ somebody did something.</p>
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<p>You can use <strong>in case</strong> + past to say w\_\_ somebody did something.</p>
<ul> <li><span>I left my phone switched on<strong> in case</strong> Jane call<em><u>ed</u></em>. (= because it was possible that jane would call)</span></li> <li><span>I drew a map for Sarah <strong>in case</strong> she <em><u>had</u></em> problems finding the house.</span></li> <li><span>We rang the doorbell again <strong>in case</strong> they <em><u>hadn't heard</u></em> it the first time.</span></li></ul>
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<p><strong>In case of</strong> is not the same as <strong>in case</strong>. In case of .. . = if there is ... (especially on notices etc.).</p>
<p><br></br></p>
<p><strong>In case of</strong> is not the same as <strong>in case</strong>. In case of .. . = if there is ... (especially on notices etc.).</p>
<ul> <li><span><strong>In case of </strong>fire, please leave the building as quickly as possible. (= if there is a fire)</span></li> <li><span><strong>In case of emergency</strong>, call this number. (= if there is an emergency)</span></li></ul>
<p>What do you say in this situation? Use <strong>in case</strong>.</p>
<p>A friend of yours is going away for a long time. Maybe you won't see her again before she<br></br>goes, so you decide to say good-bye now. I'll say good-bye now \_\_\_\_.</p>
<p>What do you say in this situation? Use <strong>in case</strong>.</p>
<p>A friend of yours is going away for a long time. Maybe you won't see her again before she<br></br>goes, so you decide to say good-bye now. I'll say good-bye now <u><strong>in case</strong> I don't see you again</u>.</p>
<p>What do you say in this situation? Use <strong>in case</strong>.</p>
<p>You are shopping in a supermarket with a friend. You think you have everything you need, but maybe you forgot something. Your friend has the list. You ask her to check it. You say: Can you \_\_\_\_?</p>
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<p>What do you say in this situation? Use <strong>in case</strong>.</p>
<p>You are shopping in a supermarket with a friend. You think you have everything you need, but maybe you forgot something. Your friend has the list. You ask her to check it. You say: Can you <u>check the list <strong>in case</strong> we forgot something or anything</u>?</p>
<p>What do you say in this situation? Use <strong>in case</strong>.</p>
<p>You advise a friend about using a computer. You think he should back up (= copy) his files<br></br>because maybe there will be a problem with his computer (and he could lose all his data). You say:<br></br>You should back up \_\_\_\_.</p>
<p></p>
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<p>What do you say in this situation? Use <strong>in case</strong>.</p>
<p>You advise a friend about using a computer. You think he should back up (= copy) his files<br></br>because maybe there will be a problem with his computer (and he could lose all his data). You say:<br></br>You should back up <u>your files <strong>in case</strong> the computer crashes</u>.</p>
<p>Writes sentence with <strong>in case</strong>.</p>
<p>I thought that I might forget the name of the book. So I wrote it down. I wrote down the name of the book \_\_\_\_.</p>
<p>Writes sentence with <strong>in case</strong>.</p>
<p>I thought that I might forget the name of the book. So I wrote it down. I wrote down the name of the book <u>in case I forgot it</u>. (we use the past to say why somebody did something)</p>
Writes sentence with in case.
I thought my parents might be worried about me. So I phoned them. I phoned my parents ____.
Writes sentence with in case.
I thought my parents might be worried about me. So I phoned them. I phoned my parents in case they worried about me.
Writes sentence with in case.
I sent an email to Lisa, but she didn't reply. So I sent another email because maybe she didn't
get the first one. I sent her another email ____.
Writes sentence with in case.
I sent an email to Lisa, but she didn't reply. So I sent another email because maybe she didn't
get the first one. I sent her another email in case she didn't receive the first one.
Writes sentence with in case.
I met some people when I was on holiday in France. They said they might come Montréal
one day. I live in Montréal, so I gave them my phone number ____.
Writes sentence with in case.
I met some people when I was on holiday in France. They said they might come Montréal
one day. I live in Montréal, so I gave them my phone number in case they came in Montréal one day.
Put in case or if.
I hope you'll come to Australia sometime. ____ you come, you must visit us.
Put in case or if.
I hope you'll come to Australia sometime. If you come, you must visit us.
Put in case or if.
This book belongs to Susan. Can you give it to her ____ you see her?
Put in case or if.
This book belongs to Susan. Can you give it to her if you see her?
Put in case or if.
Write your name and phone number on your bag ____ you lose it.
Put in case or if.
Write your name and phone number on your bag in case you lose it.
Put in case or if.
The burglar alarm will ring ____ somebody tries to break into the house.
Put in case or if.
The burglar alarm will ring if somebody tries to break into the house.
Put in case or if.
You should lock your bike to something ____ somebody tries to steal it.
Put in case or if.
You should lock your bike to something in case somebody tries to steal it.
Put in case or if.
I was advised to get insurance ____ I needed medical treatment while I was abroad.
Put in case or if.
I was advised to get insurance in case I needed medical treatment while I was abroad.
The club is for members only. You can't go in unless you are a member. This means: You can't go in ex____ if you are a member.
The club is for members only. You can't go in unless you are a member. This means: You can't go in except if you are a member. (à moins que...)
- l'll see you tomorrow unless I have to work late. (=except if I have to work late)
- There are no buses to the beach. Unless you have a car, ifs difficult to get there (=except if you have a car)
- Shall I tell liz what happenedt 'Not unless she asks you. (=only if she asks you)
Instead of unless it is often possible to say if... not:
- Unless we leave now, we'll be late or If we don't leave now, we'll...
As long as / so long as / provided that / providing that means "__" or "on cond___ that".
As long as / so long as / provided that / providing that means "if" or "on condition that".
- You can borrow my car as long as /so long as you promise not to drive too fast. (= you can borrow it, but you must promise not to drive too fast)
- Traveling by car is convenient provided (that) / providing (that) you have somewhere to park.
- Providing (that) / Provided (that) the room is clean, I don't care which hotel we stay at. (the room must be clean - otherwise I don't care)
When you are talking about the future, do not use w___ after unless / as long as / so long as / provided / providing. Use a p____ tense.
When you are talking about the future, do not use will after unless / as long as / so long as / provided / providing. Use a present tense.
- I'm not going out unless it stops raining. (not unless it will stop)
- Providing the weather is good, we're going to have a picnic tomorrow. (not providing the weather will be good)
Write a new sentence with the same meaning. Use unless in your sentence.
Listen carefully or you won't know what to do.
You won't know what to do ____.
Write a new sentence with the same meaning. Use unless in your sentence.
Listen carefully or you won't know what to do.
You won't know what to do unless you listen carefully.
Write a new sentence with the same meaning. Use unless in your sentence.
She must apologise to me or I'll never speak to her again. ____.
Write a new sentence with the same meaning. Use unless in your sentence.
She must apologise to me or I'll never speak to her again. I'll never speak to her unless she apologizes to me.
Write a new sentence with the same meaning. Use unless in your sentence.
You have to speak very slowly or he won't be able to understand you. ____.
Write a new sentence with the same meaning. Use unless in your sentence.
You have to speak very slowly or he won't be able to understand you. He won't be able to understand you unless you speak very slowly.
Write a sentence with unless.
I don't want to go to the party alone. I'm going only if you go too. I'm not going. ____.
Write a sentence with unless.
I don't want to go to the party alone. I'm going only if you go too. I'm not going (to the party) unless you go, too.
Write a sentence with unless.
Don't worry about the dog. lt will attack you only if you move suddenly. The dog _____.
Write a sentence with unless.
Don't worry about the dog. lt will attack you only if you move suddenly. The dog won't attack you unless you move suddenly.
Write a sentence with unless.
Ben isn't very talkative. He'll speak to you only if you ask him something. Ben ____.
Write a sentence with unless.
Ben isn't very talkative. He'll speak to you only if you ask him something. Ben won't speak to you unless you ask him something.
Write a sentence with unless.
Today is a public holiday. The doctor will see you only if it's an emergency. The doctor ____.
Write a sentence with unless.
Today is a public holiday. The doctor will see you only if it's an emergency. The doctor won't see you unless it's an emergency.
Choose the correct word or expression.
I'm playing tennis tomorrow unless/providing it rains.
Choose the correct word or expression.
I'm playing tennis tomorrow unless it rains.
Choose the correct word or expression.
I'm playing tennis tomorrow unless/providing it doesn't rain.
Choose the correct word or expression.
I'm playing tennis tomorrow providing it doesn't rain.
Choose the correct word or expression.
I don't mind if you come home late unless/as long as you come in quietly.
Choose the correct word or expression.
I don't mind if you come home late as long as you come in quietly.
Choose the correct word or expression.
I'm going now unless/provided you want me to stay.
Choose the correct word or expression.
I'm going now unless you want me to stay.
Choose the correct word or expression.
I don't watch TV unless/as long as I've got nothing else to do.
Choose the correct word or expression.
I don't watch TV unless I've got nothing else to do.
Choose the correct word or expression.
Children are allowed to use the swimming pool unless/provided they are with an adult.
Choose the correct word or expression.
Children are allowed to use the swimming pool provided they are with an adult.
Choose the correct word or expression.
Unless/Provided they are with an adult, children are not allowed to use the swimming pool.
Choose the correct word or expression.
Unless they are with an adult, children are not allowed to use the swimming pool.
Choose the correct word or expression.
We can sit here in the corner unless/as long as you'd rather sit over there by the window.
Choose the correct word or expression.
We can sit here in the corner unless you'd rather sit over there by the window.
You can use as when two things happen at the s____ time.
You can use as when two things happen at the same time.
- We all waved goodbye to Liz as she drove away. (We waved and she drove away at the same time)
- As I walked along the street, I looked in the shop windows.
- Can you turn off the light as you go out, please?
Note we use as only if two things happen at the same time. And when (not as) if one thing happens after another:
- As I drove home, I listened to music. (= at the same time)
- When I got home, I had something to eat. (not As I got home)
We aslo use as to say that something happened as you w___ d___ something else (in the middle of doing something else).
We aslo use as to say that something happened as you were doing something else (in the middle of doing something else).
- Kate slipped as she was getting off the bus.
- We met Paul as we were Leaving the hotel.
You can also use just as (= exactly at that moment):
- Just as I sat down, the doorbell rang.
- I had to leave just as the conversation was getting interesting.
We also use as when two things happen together in a long__ period of time.
We also use as when two things happen together in a long__ period of time.
- As the day went on, the weather got worse.
- I began to enjoy the job more as I got used to it.
As sometimes means "b____".
As sometimes means "b____".
- As I was hungry, I decided to find somewhere to eat. (= because I was hungry)
- We watched TV all evening as we didn't have anything better to do.
You can also use since in this way:
- Since we have plenty of time, let's go and have a coffee.
Compare as (= because) and when:
- As they Lived near us, we used to see them quite often. (= because they lived near us)
- When they lived near us, we used to see them quite often. (= at the time they lived near us)
What does "as" mean in this sentence, 'because" or "as the same time as"?
As I was tired, I went to bed early.
What does "as" mean in this sentence, 'because" or "as the same time as"?
As I was tired, I went to bed early. "Because"
What does "as" mean in this sentence, 'because" or "as the same time as"?
Unfortunately, as I was parking the car, I hit the car behind me.
What does "as" mean in this sentence, 'because" or "as the same time as"?
Unfortunately, as I was parking the car, I hit the car behind me. "as the same time as"
What does "as" mean in this sentence, 'because" or "as the same time as"?
As we climbed the hill, we got more and more tired.
What does "as" mean in this sentence, 'because" or "as the same time as"?
As we climbed the hill, we got more and more tired. "as the same time as"
What does "as" mean in this sentence, 'because" or "as the same time as"?
We decided to go out to eat as we had no food at home.
What does "as" mean in this sentence, 'because" or "as the same time as"?
We decided to go out to eat as we had no food at home. "because"
What does "as" mean in this sentence, 'because" or "as the same time as"?
As we don't use the car very often, we've decided to sell it.
What does "as" mean in this sentence, 'because" or "as the same time as"?
As we don't use the car very often, we've decided to sell it. "because"
When or as? Correct the sentence if necessary.
He dropped the glass as he was taking it out of the cupboard.
When or as? Correct the sentence if necessary.
He dropped the glass as he was taking it out of the cupboard. OK
When or as? Correct the sentence if necessary.
I lost my phone as I was in London.
When or as? Correct the sentence if necessary.
I lost my phone when I was in London.
When or as? Correct the sentence if necessary.
As I left school, I didn't know what to do.
When or as? Correct the sentence if necessary.
When I left school, I didn't know what to do.
When or as? Correct the sentence if necessary.
The train slowed down as it approached the station.
When or as? Correct the sentence if necessary.
The train slowed down as it approached the station. OK
When or as? Correct the sentence if necessary.
I used to live near the sea as I was a child.
When or as? Correct the sentence if necessary.
I used to live near the sea when I was a child.
Like = "sim____to", "the s__ as". You cannot use as in this way.
Like = "similar to", "the same as". In such sentences below, like is a preposition. So it is followed by a noun, a pronoun or -ing .
- 'What does Sandra do?' 'She's a teacher, like me.' (not as me)
- Be careful! The floor has
- What a beautiful house! Ifs like a palace. (not as a palace)
- been polished. It's like walking on ice. (not as walking)
You can also say' ... Like (somebody/something) doing something':
- 'What's that noise?' 'lt sounds like a baby crying.'
Sometimes like = for ex____.
Sometimes like = for example.
- I enjoy water sports, like surfing, scuba diving and water-skiing.
You can also use such as (= for example):
- I enjoy water sports, such as surfing, scuba diving and water-skiing.
As = in the s___ way as, or in the s___ condition as. We use as before subject + verb.
As = in the s___ way as, or in the s___ condition as. We use as before subject + verb.
- I didn't move anything. I left everything as it was.
- You should have done it as I showed you.
We also use like in this way:
- I left everything like it was.
Compare as and like:
- You should have done it as I showed you. (or like I showed you = subject + verb)
- You should have done it like this. (not as this)
Note that we say as usual / as always:
- You're late as usual.
- As always, Nick was the first to complain.
Sometimes as (+ subject + verb) has o___ meanings.
Sometimes as (+ subject + verb) has o___ meanings. For example, after do:
- You can do as you like. (= do what you like)
- They did as they promised. (= They did what they promised.)
We also say as you know / as I said / as she expected / as I thought etc. :
- As you know, it's Emma's birthday next week. (=you know this already)
- Andy failed his driving test, as he expected. (=he expected this before)
Like is not usual in these expressions, except with say (like I said):
- As I said yesterday, I'm sure we can solve the problem. or like I said yesterday ...
As can also be a preposition, but the meaning is d____ from like.
As can also be a preposition, but the meaning is different from like.
- As a taxi driver, I spend most of my working life in a car. (I am a taxi driver, that is my job)
- Everyone wants me to drive them toplaces. I'm like a taxi driver. (I'm not a taxi driver, but I'm like one)
As (preposition) = in the pos___ of, in the f___ of etc.
As (preposition) = in the pos___ of, in the f___ of etc.
- Many years ago I worked as a photographer. (not like a photographer)
- Many words, for example 'work' and 'rain', can be used as verbs or nouns.
- London is fine as a place to visit, but I wouldn't like to live there.
- The news of the tragedy came as a great shock.
Like or as? Correct the sentence if it necessary.
Do you think Lisa looks as her mother?
Like or as? Correct the sentence if it necessary.
Do you think Lisa looks like her mother?
Like or as? Correct the sentence if it necessary.
Tim gets on my nerves. I can't stand people as him.
Like or as? Correct the sentence if it necessary.
Tim gets on my nerves. I can't stand people like him.
Like or as? Correct the sentence if it necessary.
Why didn't you do it as I told you to do it?
Like or as? Correct the sentence if it necessary.
Why didn't you do it as I told you to do it? OK
Like or as? Correct the sentence if it necessary.
Brian is a student, as most of his friends.
Like or as? Correct the sentence if it necessary.
Brian is a student, like most of his friends.
Like or as? Correct the sentence if it necessary.
As I said before, I'm thinking of changing my job.
Like or as? Correct the sentence if it necessary.
As I said before, I'm thinking of changing my job. OK
Complete the sentence using like or as + the following.
I've been playing tennis for years, but I still play (beginner) ____.
Complete the sentence using like or as + the following.
I've been playing tennis for years, but I still play like a beginner.
Complete the sentence using like or as + the following.
Marion once had a part-time job (a tour guide) ____.
Complete the sentence using like or as + the following.
Marion once had a part-time job as a tour guide.
Complete the sentence using like or as + the following.
I wonder what that building is. lt looks (a church) _____.
Complete the sentence using like or as + the following.
I wonder what that building is. lt looks like a church.
Complete the sentence using like or as + the following.
My brother gave me this watch (a birthday present) ____ a long t ime ago.
Complete the sentence using like or as + the following.
My brother gave me this watch as a birthday present a long t ime ago.
Put in like or as.
Your English is very fluent. I wish I could speak ____ you.
Put in like or as.
Your English is very fluent. I wish I could speak like you.
Put in like or as.
Don't take my advice if you don't want to. You can do ____ you like.
Put in like or as.
Don't take my advice if you don't want to. You can do as you like.
Put in like or as.
You waste too much time doing things ____ sitting in cafes all day.
Put in like or as.
You waste too much time doing things like sitting in cafes all day.
Put in like or as.
We saw Kevin last night. He was very cheerful, ____ always.
Put in like or as.
We saw Kevin last night. He was very cheerful, as always.
Put in like or as.
Sally has been working ____ a waitress for the last two months.
Put in like or as.
Sally has been working as a waitress for the last two months.
Put in like or as.
You're different from the other people I know. I don't know anyone else ____ you.
Put in like or as.
You're different from the other people I know. I don't know anyone else like you.
Put in like or as.
We don't need all the bedrooms in the house, so we use one of them ____ a study.
Put in like or as.
We don't need all the bedrooms in the house, so we use one of them as a study.
Put in like or as.
____ her father, Catherine has a very good voice.
Put in like or as.
Like her father, Catherine has a very good voice.
Put in like or as.
At the moment I've got a temporary job in a bookshop. It's not great, but it's OK ____ a
temporary job.
Put in like or as.
At the moment I've got a temporary job in a bookshop. It's not great, but it's OK as a
temporary job.
Put in like or as.
____ you can imagine, we were very tired after such a long journey.
Put in like or as.
As you can imagine, we were very tired after such a long journey.
You can use like to say h__ somebody or something looks /sounds / feels.
You can use like to say h__ somebody or something looks /sounds / feels.
- That house looks like it's going to fall down.
- Helen sounded like she had a cold, didn't she?
- I've just got back from holiday, but I feel verytired. I don't feel like I've had a holiday.
You can also use as if or as though in all these examples:
- That house looks as if it's going to fall down.
- Helen sounded as if she had a cold, didn't she?
- I don't feel as though I've had a holiday.
Compare:
- You look tired. (look+ adjective)
- You Look Like you haven't slept. (look like+ subj + verb)
As if and as though are more formal than like.
Can we can say lt looks like... / lt sounds like...?
Can we can say lt looks like... / lt sounds like...?
- Sarah is very late. lt looks like she isn't coming.
- We took an umbrella cause it looked like it was going to rain.
- The noise is very loud next door. lt sounds like they're having a party.
You can also use as if or as though:
- lt looks as if she isn't coming. or
- lt looks as though she isn 't coming.
You can use like / as if / as though with other v___ to say how somebody does something.
You can use like / as if / as though with other v___ to say how somebody does something.
- He ran like he was running for his Life.
- After the interruption, the speaker went on talking as if nothing had happened.
- When I told them my plan, they looked at me as though I was crazy.
After as if (or as though), we sometimes use the ___ when we are talking about the present.
After as if (or as though), we sometimes use the past when we are talking about the present, in the same way in other sentences with if.
- I don't like Tim. He talks as if he knew everything.
- She's always asking me to do things for her - as if I didn't have enough to do already. (I do have enough to do)
- Gary's only 40. Why do you talk about him as if he was (or were) an old man? (he isn't an old man)
We use the past (as if I knew) because the idea is not real in these sentences.
What do you say in these situations? Use the words in brackets to make your sentence.
Claire comes into the room. She looks absolutely terrified. (look / like / see / a ghost) You say to her:
What's the matter? You ____.
What do you say in these situations? Use the words in brackets to make your sentence.
Claire comes into the room. She looks absolutely terrified. (look / like / see / a ghost) You say to her:
What's the matter? You look like you've seen a ghost.
What do you say in these situations? Use the words in brackets to make your sentence.
Joe is on holiday. He's talking to you on the phone and sounds happy. (sound / as if / have / a good time) You say to him: You ____.
What do you say in these situations? Use the words in brackets to make your sentence.
Joe is on holiday. He's talking to you on the phone and sounds happy. (sound / as if / have / a good time) You say to him: You sound as if you're having a good time.
What do you say in these situations? Use the words in brackets to make your sentence.
You have just run one kilometre. You are absolutely exhausted. (feel / like / run / a marathon) You say to a friend: ____
What do you say in these situations? Use the words in brackets to make your sentence.
You have just run one kilometre. You are absolutely exhausted. (feel / like / run / a marathon) You say to a friend: I feel I have just run a marathon.
Make sentences beginning lt looks like... / lt sounds like...
The sky is full of black clouds. (it's going to rain)You say: lt ____.
Make sentences beginning lt looks like... / lt sounds like...
The sky is full of black clouds. (it's going to rain)You say: lt looks like it's going to rain.
Make sentences beginning lt looks like... / lt sounds like...
You hear two people shouting at each other next door. (they are having an argument) You say: ____.
Make sentences beginning lt looks like... / lt sounds like...
You hear two people shouting at each other next door. (they are having an argument) You say: It sounds like they're having an argument.
Make sentences beginning lt looks like... / lt sounds like...
You see an ambulance, some policemen and two damaged cars at the side of the road. (there's been an accident) You say: ____.
Make sentences beginning lt looks like... / lt sounds like...
You see an ambulance, some policemen and two damaged cars at the side of the road. (there's been an accident) You say: It looks like there's been an accident.
Make sentences beginning lt looks like... / lt sounds like...
You and a friend have just missed the last bus home. (we'll have to walk) You say: ____.
Make sentences beginning lt looks like... / lt sounds like...
You and a friend have just missed the last bus home. (we'll have to walk) You say: It looks like we'll have to walk.
Make sentences beginning lt looks like... / lt sounds like...
Dave isn't feeling well. He tells you all about it. (you should see a doctor) You say: ____.
Make sentences beginning lt looks like... / lt sounds like...
Dave isn't feeling well. He tells you all about it. (you should see a doctor) You say: It sounds like you should see a doctor.
Complete the sentence with as if.
I don't think Paul was joking. (he / mean / what he / say) He looked ____.
Complete the sentence with as if.
I don't think Paul was joking. (he / mean / what he / say) He looked as if he meant what he said.
Complete the sentence with as if.
What's the matter with Amanda? (she / hurt / her leg) She's walking ____.
Complete the sentence with as if.
What's the matter with Amanda? (she / hurt / her leg) She's walking as if she hurt her leg.
Complete the sentence with as if.
Peter was extremely hungry and ate his dinner very quickly. (not / eat / for a week) He ate ____·
Complete the sentence with as if.
Peter was extremely hungry and ate his dinner very quickly. (not / eat / for a week) He ate as if he hadn't eaten for a week·
Complete the sentence with as if.
Tanya had a bored expression on her face during the movie. (she / enjoy / it) She didn't look ____.
Complete the sentence with as if.
Tanya had a bored expression on her face during the movie. (she / enjoy / it) She didn't look as if she was enjoying it.
Complete the sentence with as if.
I've just eaten too many chocolates. Now I don't feel well. (I / go / be sick) I feel ____.
Complete the sentence with as if.
I've just eaten too many chocolates. Now I don't feel well. (I / go / be sick) I feel as if I'm going to be sick.
Complete the sentence with as if.
I phoned Liz and invited her to the party, but she wasn't very enthusiastic about it. (she / not / want / come) She sounded ____.
Complete the sentence with as if.
I phoned Liz and invited her to the party, but she wasn't very enthusiastic about it. (she / not / want / come) She sounded as if she didn't want to come.
Complete the sentence with as if.
I went into the office, but nobody spoke to me or looked at me. (I / not / exist) Everybody ignored me ____.
Complete the sentence with as if.
I went into the office, but nobody spoke to me or looked at me. (I / not / exist) Everybody ignored me as if I didn't exist.
Complete the sentence with as if.
I'm 20 years old, so please don't talk to me ____ I ____ a child.
Complete the sentence with as if.
I'm 20 years old, so please don't talk to me as if I was/were a child.
Complete the sentence with as if.
Steve has never met Maria, but he talks about her ____ his best friend.
Complete the sentence with as if.
Steve has never met Maria, but he talks about her as if she was/were his best friend.
We use for + a period of time to say how long something goes on.
We use for + a period of time to say how long something goes on.
- We watched TV for two hours last night.
- Jess is going away for a week in September.
- Where have you been? l've been waiting for ages.
- Are you going away for the weekend?
We use during + noun to say when something happens (not how long).
We use during + noun to say when something happens (not how long).
- I fell asleep during the movie.
- We met some really nice people during our holiday.
- The ground is wet. lt must have rained during the night.
You cannot use during to say how long something goes on:
- lt rained for three days without stopping. (not during three days)
Compare during and for:
- I fell asleep during the movie. I was asleep for an hour.
We use during + n____. We use while + s____ + v____.
We use during + noun. We use while + subject + verb.
- I fell asleep during the movie. vs
- I fell asleep while I was watching TV
- We met a lof of people during our vacation. vs
- We met a lot of people while we were on vacation.
When you are talking about the future, use the p____t (not will) after while.
When you are talking about the future, use the present (not will) after while.
- I'm going to Singapore next week. I hope to see some friends of mine while I'm there. (not while I will be there)
- What are you going to do while you're waiting? (not while I'll be there)
Put in for or during.
I went to the theatre last night. I met Sue ____ the interval.
Put in for or during.
I went to the theatre last night. I met Sue during the intermission.
Put in for or during.
Martin hasn't lived in Britain all his life. He lived in Brazil ____ four years.
Put in for or during.
Martin hasn't lived in Britain all his life. He lived in Brazil for four years.
Put in for or during.
Production at the factory was seriously affected ____ the strike.
Put in for or during.
Production at the factory was seriously affected during the strike.
Put in for or during.
I felt really ill last week. I could hardly eat anything ____ three days.
Put in for or during.
I felt really ill last week. I could hardly eat anything for three days.
Put in for or during.
I waited for you ____ half an hour and decided that you weren1t coming.
Put in for or during.
I waited for you for half an hour and decided that you weren1t coming.
Put in during or while.
I met Mike ____ I was shopping.
Put in during or while.
I met Mike while I was shopping.
Put in during or while.
____ I was on holiday I didn't read any newspapers or watch TV.
Put in during or while.
While I was on holiday I didn't read any newspapers or watch TV.
Put in during or while.
____ our stay in Paris I we went to a lot of museums and galleries.
Put in during or while.
During our stay in Paris I we went to a lot of museums and galleries.
Put in during or while.
My phone rang ____ we were having dinner.
Put in during or while.
My phone rang while we were having dinner.
Put in during or while.
There was a lot of noise ____ the night. What was it?
Put in during or while.
There was a lot of noise during the night. What was it?
Put in during or while.
l'd been away for many years. ____ that time I many things had changed.
Put in during or while.
l'd been away for many years. During that time I many things had changed.
Put in during or while.
What did they say about me _____ I was out of the room?
Put in during or while.
What did they say about me while I was out of the room?
By... = not l___ than.
By... = not later than. (pas plus tard que...)
- I sent the documents to them today, so they should receive them by Monday. (= on or before Monday, not later than Monday)
- We'd better hurry. We have to be home by 5 o' dock. ( = at or before 5 o'clock, not later than 5 o'clock)
- Where's Sarah? She should be here by now. (= now or before now - so should have arrived already).
We use until (or till) to say how l____ a situation continues.
We use until (or till) to say how l____ a situation continues. (jusqu'à...)
- 'Shall we go now?' 'No, let's wait until it stops raining.' or ' ... till it stops raining.'
Something continues until a time in the
future:
- I'l be working until 11.30. (so I'll stop working at 11.30)
Something happens by a time in the future:
- I'll have finished my work by 11.30.(= I'll finish my work not later than 11.30.)
You can say 'by the time something h____'.
You can say 'by the time something happens'. (d'ici à ce que...)
- lt 's too late to go to the bank now. By the time we get there, it will be closed. (= the bank will close between now and the time we get there)
- (from a postcard) Our holiday ends tomorrow. So by the time you receive this postcard, I'll be back home. (= I will arrive home between tomorrow and the time you receive this postcard)
- Hurry up! By the time we get to the cinema, the film will already have started.
You can say 'by the time something happened' (for the p___).
You can say 'by the time something happened' (for the past)
- Karen's car broke down on the way to the party last night. By the time she arrived, most of the other guests had left.
- I had a lot of work to do yesterday evening. I was very tired by the time I finished. (= it took me a long time to do the work, and I became more and more tired during this time)
- By the time we got to the cinema, the film had already started.
Can we also use "by then" or "by that time"?
Yes. Can we also use "by then" or "by that time".
- Karen finally got to the party at midnight, but by then (or by that time), most of the other guests had left.
Complete the sentences with by.
I have to be at the airport not later than 8.30.
I have to be at the airport ____.
Complete the sentences with by.
I have to be at the airport not later than 8.30. I have to be at the airport by 8:30.
Complete the sentences with by.
Let me know not later than Saturday whether you can come to the party. Let me know ____ whether you can come to the party.
Complete the sentences with by.
Let me know not later than Saturday whether you can come to the party. Let me know by Saturday whether you can come to the party.
Complete the sentences with by.
Please make sure that you're here not later than 2 o'clock. Please make sure that ____.
Complete the sentences with by.
Please make sure that you're here not later than 2 o'clock. Please make sure that you're here by 2 o'clock.
Complete the sentences with by.
If we leave now, we should arrive not later than lunchtime. If we leave now, ____.
Complete the sentences with by.
If we leave now, we should arrive not later than lunchtime. If we leave now, we should arrive by lunchtime.
Put in by or until.
Sorry, but I must go. I have to be home ____ 5 o'clock.
Put in by or until.
Sorry, but I must go. I have to be home by 5 o'clock.
Put in by or until.
I've been offered a job. I haven't decided yet whether to accept it or not. I have to decide
____ Friday.
Put in by or until.
I've been offered a job. I haven't decided yet whether to accept it or not. I have to decide
by Friday.
Put in by or until.
I think I'll wait ____ Thursday before making a decision.
Put in by or until.
I think I'll wait until / till Thursday before making a decision.
Put in by or until.
It's too late to go shopping. The shops are open only ____ 5.30 today. They'll be closed ____ now.
Put in by or until.
It's too late to go shopping. The shops are open only until 5.30 today. They'll be closed by now.
Put in by or until.
I need to pay the phone bill. lt has to be paid ____ tomorrow. Don't pay the bill today. Wait ____ tomorrow.
Put in by or until.
I need to pay the phone bill. lt has to be paid by tomorrow. Don't pay the bill today. Wait untill / till tomorrow.
Put in by or until.
A: Have you finished redecorating your house?
B: Not yet. We hope to finish ____ the end of the week.
Put in by or until.
A: Have you finished redecorating your house?
B: Not yet. We hope to finish by the end of the week.
Put in by or until.
A: I'm going out now. I'll be back at about 10.30. Will you still be here? B: I don't think so. I'll probably have gone out ____ then.
Put in by or until.
A: I'm going out now. I'll be back at about 10.30. Will you still be here? B: I don't think so. I'll probably have gone out by then.
Put in by or until.
I'm moving into my new flat next week. I'm staying with a friend ____ then.
Put in by or until.
I'm moving into my new flat next week. I'm staying with a friend untill / till then.
Put in by or until.
I've got a lot of work to do. ____ the time I finish, it will be time to go to bed.
Put in by or until.
I've got a lot of work to do. By the time I finish, it will be time to go to bed.
Put in by or until.
If you want to take part in the competition, you have to apply ____ 3 April.
Put in by or until.
If you want to take part in the competition, you have to apply by 3 April.
Read the situations and complete the sentences using By the time...
I intended to catch a train, but it took me longer than expected to get to the station. ____, my train had already left.
Read the situations and complete the sentences using By the time...
I intended to catch a train, but it took me longer than expected to get to the station. By the time I got / I'd gotten to the station, my train had already left.
Read the situations and complete the sentences using By the time...
I wanted to go shopping after finishing my work. But I finished much later than expected. ____, it was too late to go shopping.
Read the situations and complete the sentences using By the time...
I wanted to go shopping after finishing my work. But I finished much later than expected. By the time I finished / I'd finished (my work), it was too late to go shopping.
