1.4 Cell Requirements Flashcards
What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Sunlight, chlorophyll, water, carbon dioxide
What gets their energy from aerobic respiration?
Plants and animals
What does the production of ATP produce?
Waste products of carbon dioxide and water
Can energy be destroyed?
Energy can’t be destroyed, only transformed from one form to another
Cells use food for what?
Energy to produce heat
Homeostasis:
Stable intracellular environment
Movement:
Energy is required for cells to be able to move and change their shape
Synthesis:
Synthesis reactions such as protein synthesis produce molecules such as chemicals, enzymes and proteins.
Cells transform light and chemical energy into usable energy to perform:
- Synthesis
- Active transport
- Cell division
- Produce heat
- Homeostasis
Autotrophs:
Can produce their own food using light, water and carbon dioxide. Obtain inorganic molecules. Use photosynthesis to create glucose which is used as energy.
What are examples of autotrophs?
Plants, some fungi, some bacteria and some protists e.g algae
What depends on autotrophs?
Ecosystems depend on them to produce energy-rich molecules “producers”
Heterotrophs:
Can not produce their own food, obtain organic molecules from other organisms (fed by them), cannot synthesis its own organic energy-rich molecules, referred to as consumers due to directly consuming autotrophs or other heterotrophs that have already consumed producers
What are examples of heterotrophs?
Animals (including humans), some plants, some protists
Where and how is oxygen and energy formed?
Carbon dioxide and water are chemically combined together in the chloroplasts to form oxygen and energy.
Cell respiration:
Is the biochemical process that takes place in the mitochondria and cytoplasm. It requires glucose and oxygen to create energy carried by ATP in cells. Glucose is available through the process of metabolism of complex carbs.
Fermentation:
Occurs when oxygen is low in animal cells. Occurs only in the cytoplasm and is converted into more waste products. This process produces much smaller amounts of cellular energy than aerobic respiration due to the incomplete breakdown of glucose.
Nutrients of cells:
Cells also need specific nutrients to help with functioning of individuals cells. Plants need inorganic substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium and other trace elements. These materials are dissolved in solution in soil then absorbed by the root hairs of plant cells.
Living cells require:
- Energy for movement
- Synthesis
- Maintenance of a stable intracellular environment.
What are the three important energy processes for cells?
Photosynthesis, respiration, and fermentation
Stable internal environment:
Cells actively regulate the concentrations of various materials in all cells.
Cells of the body need to maintain a temperature of around 37°C.
Concentrations of salts, ions, glucose and waste materials are all closely regulated to ensure homeostasis is maintained.
Nutrients of cells - Plants
Plants need inorganic substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium and other trace elements. These materials are dissolved in solution in soil then absorbed by the root hairs of plant cells.
Nutrients of cells - Animals
Animals need organic substances found in foods such as:
Protein, carbohydrates, fats and oils, nucleic acids and some mineral ions and vitamins.
Excretion:
The removal of all waste products through metabolic reactions.
Waste products need to be removed from organisms to:
Avoid high concentrations of some substances causing damage to cells.
Examples of excretion:
Carbon dioxide - waste product of cellular respiration
Urea - Part of urine that is metabolic waste from a reaction in the liver
Faeces - Is not a product of metabolic waste, it is an indigestible food material.
