1.2 Two Major Types of Cells Flashcards
Features in common
- Nucleic acids
- Cell membrane
- Ribosomes
- Proteins
What shape is the chromosome in a prokaryotic?
Singular and circular chromosome
Examples of eukaryotes
Protists, fungi, plants, animals
What shape do prokaryotes come in?
- Spheres (cocci)
- Rods (bacilli)
- Spirals (spirilli)
What do prokaryotic cells lack?
Internal membrane-organelles
How are prokaryotes classified to do with their cellular structure?
Unicellular
What were the first organisms on earth (probably)?
Prokaryotes
Cells of all bacteria are what?
Prokaryotic
Do plants or animals have a cell wall?
Plants
What are some functions of organelles?
Make molecules like proteins, peform biochemical reactions, secretion, removal of waste like carbon dioxide
What does the cell wall do?
Strengthen and maintain shape
Are prokaryotes or eukaryotes larger?
Eukaryotes
Two things about eukaryotic cells
Have well-defined organelles and a nucleus
Vacuoles in plants
Small number of large permanent vacuoles
Who has chloroplasts?
Plants
Eukaryotes have subcellular what?
Components called membrane-enclosed organelles
What do ribosomes do?
Synthesise proteins for the cell
What does the cell membrane do?
Controls the exchange of materials between the cell and external environment
Capsule and pilus
Allows cell to stick to surfaces
Flagellum
Allows cell to move
How is the DNA organised in eukaryotic cells?
In a set of linear chromosomes
Nucleus in prokaryotes
Do not have a nucleus but have a nucleoid region
Prokaryotes are…
Relatively unspecialised
Why are prokaryotes relatively unspecialised?
They lack membrane-bound organelles and have a simpler structure.
What is an extreme environment for a prokaryote and why?
Hydrothermal vents: prokaryotes can survive in extreme heat.
What are the benefits of small cells?
Small cells allow faster diffusion and efficient nutrient uptake
What are the benefits of larger cells?
Larger cells can store more energy and perform specialised functions
