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CHEMISTRY A-LEVEL UNIT 1 > 1.4 Bonding > Flashcards

1.4 Bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

When one atom donates one or more electrons to the other atom resulting in a positive ion and a negative ion.

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2
Q

What is covalent bonding?

A

When atoms share a pair of electrons to form a single covalent bond. Each atom gives one electron to the bonding pair. If two pairs of electrons are shared, a double bond is formed.

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3
Q

What is a coordinate bond?

A

A covalent bond but one atom provides both atoms to the shared pair

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4
Q

What is the attraction between an ionic bond?

A

Electrostatic attraction between two oppisitely charged ions

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5
Q

What is the attraction between an covalent bond?

A

Strong electrostatic attraction between the shared pair of electrons

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6
Q

What is electronegitivity?

A

The ability of an atom to attract the bonding electrons in covalent bond.

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7
Q

Which electronegitivity value adopts the slightly negative charge in a bond?

A

The larger EN value

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8
Q

What is a polar bond?

A

A bond with a slightly positive and a slightly negitive charge (different EN values)

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9
Q

What makes a bond more polar?

A

Larger EN differance

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10
Q

What is a non-polar bond?

A

A bond between two atoms with the same EN value

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11
Q

What bond is formed if the EN differance is < 0.4?

A

Non-polar covalent bond

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12
Q

What bond is formed if the EN differance is 0.4 - 1.8?

A

Polar Covalent bond

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13
Q

What bond is formed if the EN differance is > 1.9?

A

Ionic bond

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14
Q

What are intermolecular forces?

A

Forces between molecules. These intermolecular forces are much weaker than covalent, ionic or metallic bonds

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15
Q

What are permanent dipole-dipole forces?

A

When two polar molecules (dipoles) arrange themselves so the negative region of one is close to the positive region of another.

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16
Q

What are dipole-dipole interactions an example of?

A

Van der Waals forces

17
Q

What are induced dipole-dipole forces?

A

Weakest type of intermolecular force

18
Q

How are dipoles formed in non-polar molecules?

A

due to the constant movement of electrons around the nuclei where sometimes more electrons are concentrated on one side of the atom at any one time, causing a temporary dipole

19
Q

How does the strength of induced dipole-dipole forces increase?

A

Increasing the number of electrons

20
Q

What is the strongest of the intermolecular forces?

A

Hydrogen bonds

21
Q

What are hydrogen bonds?

A

Occur between molecules sharing hydrogen atoms bonded to very small, very electronegative elements which have lone pairs.

22
Q

What is the nature of boiling points of the Group 4, 5 and 6 Hydrides?

A

Increase as you go down the group due to stronger Van der Waal’s forces.

23
Q

What does VSEPR mean?

A

Valence shell electron pair repulsion

24
Q

What does the VESPR principle state?

A
  • molecule shape determined by number of electron pairs in outer shell
  • All electron pair repel each other so they adopt the furthest point away from each other
  • Lone pairs repel more than bonded pairs
25
Q

What must we figure out first to determine the shape of molecules?

A

How many bonding pairs and how many lone pairs

26
Q

What is the name of a molecule with two bonded pairs and no lone pairs? and what is the bond angle?

A

Linear. Bond angle = 180

27
Q

What is the name of a molecule with four bonded pairs and no lone pairs? and what is the bond angle?

A

Tetrahedral. Bond angle = 109.5

27
Q

What is the name of a molecule with three bonded pairs and no lone pairs? and what is the bond angle?

A

Trigonal planar. Bond angle = 120

28
Q

What is the name of a molecule with five bonded pairs and no lone pairs? and what is the bond angle?

A

Trigonal bipiramidal. Bond angle = 120 and 90

29
Q

What is the name of a molecule with six bonded pairs and no lone pairs? and what is the bond angle?

A

Octahedral. Bond angle = 90

30
Q

What is the name of a molecule with two bonded pairs and two lone pairs? and what is the bond angle?

A

Angular/Bent. Bond angle = 104.5

31
Q

What is the name of a molecule with three bonded pairs and one lone pairs? and what is the bond angle?

A

Pyramidal. Bond angle = 107

CHEMISTRY A-LEVEL UNIT 1 (7 decks)

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