1.4 Flashcards
Naegele’s rule
The rule estimates the expected date of delivery (EDD) by adding a year, subtracting three months, and adding seven days to the origin of gestational age.
1st day of last menstrual period - 3 months + 7 days = EDD
calcium
Role: bone/teeth development in fetus and maintain maternal bone mass.
Source: milk, yogurt, cheese, cocoa. Preg need ~1000 mg/day >19 y/o, 1300 mg/day <19 y/o. If lactose intolerant, add 600 mg supplement. If baby doesn’t get enough it starts pulling Ca++ from mom’s bones. Mineral.
folate
Role: formation of RBCs. Preg ↑ 50% more that nonpregnant women.
Source: bread, flour, and pasta are enriched with at least 1.4 mg/kg also beans, legumes, citrus fruit, juices, whole grains, dark green leafy veggies, poultry, pork, shellfish, and liver. Water Soluble.
Recommended 0.4mg pre-pregnancy, and 0.6mg during pregnancy
Vitamin C
Role: tissue formation and enhances iron absorption. Preg need 85 mg/day. Smokers need more.
Source: acidic fruits. Water Soluble.
Vitamin B-12
Role: production of proteins and nucleic acids; formation of RBCs, and neural functioning.
Source: animal products (eggs, dairy, meat) and cereal. Preg need 2.6 mcg/day. Water Soluble
Vitamin B6
Role: carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism, and synthesis of RBCs; antibodies, and neurotransmitters. Preg need at least 2 mg/day but new evidence suggests 10-25 mg/day. Helps relieve N/V.
Source: meats, nuts, cereal. Water Soluble.
Vitamin A
Role: healthy vision, immune health, and cell growth.
Source: leafy greens, broccoli, and carrots, cantaloupe, and apricots. Too much ↑ risk spina bifida, cleft palate, and liver toxicity. Fat Soluble.
Vitamin D
Role: absorption and metabolism of calcium.
Source: milk, cereal, sunlight. Too little ↑ risk neonatal hypocalcemia and tetany. Preg may need supplement. Fat Soluble
Vitamin E
Role: protection against inc oxidative stress (i.e. preeclampsia).
Source: oils, nuts, whole grains, and green leafy veggies. Fat Soluble
Iron
Role: transfer oxygen from maternal blood to fetus blood.
Source: red meat. Preg may need supplement. Too little ↑ risk of hemorrhage and preterm birth. Preg need 27-30 mg/day >12wks. Mineral.
magnesium
Role: uterine relaxation and bone development in fetus.
Source: dairy, nuts, grains, green leafy veggies. Preg need 400 mg/day. Mineral.
Sodium
Role: maintaining fluid balance.
Source: grain, milk, meat. Preg need 1.5-2.3 g/day. Mineral.
Potassium
Role: maintain acid-base balance, developing neurons.
Source: lean meat, raw fruits and veggies, diary. Maintained through diet. Mineral.
Zinc
Role: metabolism and nervous system development. Pair with iron supplement.
Source: meat, eggs, nuts. Maintained through diet. Caution: iron and folic acid block zinc uptake. Mineral.
Protein
3 servings of dairy (3 C); 2 servings of lean meat (5.5 to 6.5 oz); No protein supplements - risk for preterm birth
