1.2 - hormones

Question 1

GnRH

Answer 1

released from the hypothalamus in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary cycle that stimulates the pituitary pituitary to release FSH and LH

Question 2

prostaglandins

Answer 2

CX PAIN; produced by cells of the endometrium; cx contractions of the uterus; incr. during follicular phase; essential to ovulation; peaks with surge in LH and helps ovum release; incr. platelet aggregation preventing hemorrhage during menses and orderly endometrial shedding initiate/maintain labor; stimulates contractions starts labor

Question 3

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 3

released by the antuitary pituitary gland, stimulates the gonads; its production during the luteal phase is indicative of ovulation; triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum

Question 4

progesterone

Answer 4

Increased levels cx: vaginal epithelium proliferation; cervical mucus thickening; breast enlargement/engorgement; increases basal body temp after ovulation; decreased uterine activity and thickens endometrium - prevent contraction; corpus luteum degeneration if conception does not occur and levels fall;

• produced by corpus luteum until 14 wks gestation and then placenta
• # 1 role to maintain pregnancy and endometrium
• inhibits uterine contractions
• incr. breast development for lactation
• from corpus luteum and then placenta
• allow ovum to be released
• suppresses secretion of FSH and LH by the anterior pituitary; maintains pregnancy by relaxing smooth muscles, decr. uterine contractility; cx fat to deposit in SQ tissues over the maternal abdomen, back, and upper thighs; decreases mother’s ability to use insulin

Question 5

estrogen

Answer 5

released by Graafian follicle (among other places); stimulate endometrial growth/thicken; promote and maintain the uterus lining (not as much as progesterone); stimulates the production of a large amount of LH; breast maturation in pregnancy (not mature until after 1st pregnancy)

• stimulates uterine development
• stimulated dev. of ductal system of breast for lactation
• from corpus luteum -> 14 weeks gestation then from placenta
• suppresses secretion of FSH and LH by the anterior pituitary; causes fat to deposit in SQ tissues ver maternal abdomen, back, and upper thighs; promotes enlargement of genitals, uterus, and breasts; increases vascularity, relaxes pelvic ligaments and joints; interferes with folic acid metabolism; increases the level of total body proteins; promotes retention of sodium and water, decr. secretion of HCl acid and pepsin, decr. mother’s ability to use insulin

Question 6

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 6

released by the antuitary pituitary gland, stimulates the development of ovarian graafian follicles and their production of estrogen

Question 7

human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

Answer 7

• fertilized ovum and chorionic vili
• early pg. what makes + preg. test
• stimulates increased in progesterone and estrogen to maintain corpus luteum
• maintains corpus luteum production of estrogen and progesterone until placenta takes over the function

Question 8

prolactin

Answer 8

source: anterior pituitary
role: prepares breasts for lactation

Question 9

human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS)

Answer 9

antagonist to insulin

• reason for diabetogenic state during pg.
• incr. free fatty acids for metabolic need
• shunts metabolic need of glucose from mom to fetus for growth
• placenta is source, want blood glucose of mom to be slightly elevated
• source: placenta
• acts as growth hormone, contributes to breast development, decreases maternal metabolism of glucose, increases the amount of fatty acids for metabolic needs

Question 10

relaxin

Answer 10

decr. uterine activity, softens cervix, remodels collagen (tissue/bone)
- dilates blood vessels
- if no dilation -> preeclampsia

Question 11

oxytocin

Answer 11

source: posterior pituitary

role:
1. stimulates uterine contractions
2. stimulates milk ejection from breasts