1.3B - Rise & Fall of the Feudal System Flashcards
What years was the conquest of Wales?
1276-1294
What was the first campaign Edward I carried out for the conquest of Wales?
In 1276, he recruited a huge army, large enough that most Welsh princes surrendered without a fight.
Edward also started to build a series of castles around Llywelyn’s (a prince of North wales) land.
What were the second and third campaign Edward I carried out for the conquest of Wales?
English law was unpopular in Wales. In 1282 there was a series of attacks by Welsh rebels against Edward I’s royal castles.
Edward was furious and began to gather his forces to conquer Wales once and for all.
The Welsh won some battles but when Llywelyn died Edward pressed on for total victory.
Parliament granted Edward I a tax that enabled him to call up the fresh troops which resulted in him recapturing the ground he had lost.
How did Edward I recoup some of the cost of his campaign?
He imposed a heavy tax on the Welsh which lead to another rebellion in 1294.
How did Edward I respond to another rebellion in 1294?
He responded with an overwhelming force and crushed the rebellion.
What happened after a 20 year campaign for Edward I?
He finally became ruler of Wales
What did Edward I try to do in 1290?
He hoped to marry his son to Margaret, the next inline to the scottish throne, therefore unite England and Scotland.
Why didn’t Edward I plan work in 1290?
Because Margaret died
Why did Edward I invade Scotland?
Because he wanted to control it, just as he did with Wales.
How did some Scottish nobles respond to Edwards attempt to control Wales?
Some responded by forming an alliance with France and then launching an attack on England.
This threat won Edward the support he needed in parliament to raise a tax to pay for an invasion of Scotland.
What did Edward I do in March 1296?
He marched north with an army and beseiged Scotland’s main port, Berwick, but the town refused to surrender and set fire to some of Edwards ships.
How did Edward I respond to the Scottish setting fire to some of his ships?
His response was to launch a violent full-scale attack. Which resulted in 7,000 people being killed or burned to death.
He then brought in English settlers to make Berwick and English town.
What happened at Dunbar?
Scottish defeated by the English.
It was the end of Scottish resistance to Edwards invasion.
He took possession of Stirling castle and took the symbolic Stone of Scone, on which the Scottish Kings were crowned and placed it in Westminster Abbey.
What was Edward I victory of Scotland like?
Quick and decisive.
What did Edward do after his victory over Scotland?
Left English officials to run Scotland and effectively turned it into an English colony for Edward’s benefit.
They imposed heavy taxed to pay for the cost of the wars and Edward redistributed lands to the Scottish who had supported him, just like true feudal tradition.
What happened in Wales after Edward became ruler?
Harsh rule led to further rebellion
How did Edward I die?
By leading a final campaign towards Scotland
What was an impact at a local level under Edward I?
Edward’s armies in Scotland carried out a chevauchee.
- An aggressive march through an enemy countryside, taking anything useful and setting fire to what ever was left.
What was an impact at a national level under Edward I?
The cost of war began to affect the barons which encouraged them to challenge a king.
What was an impact at a government level under Edward I?
Parliament became more important.
1295 - Edward called a Model Parliament in which Kings used parliament to listen to the concerns of their people and in return parliament would give the king money for wars.
Reissued the magna carta in 1297 to show he would abide by the law.
What was an impact at a psychological level under Edward I?
In Scotland, Edward’s invasions created a sense of suspicion and hostility between England and Scotland that would last for centuries.
A new English identity was also emerging and the church used propaganda to present Edward as a great chilvalric hero and England’s protector.
Edward expelled jews from England in 1290 and confiscated most of their wealth.
When was the hundred years war?
Between 1337 and 1453
Who was the hundred years war between?
England and France
Why was there a hundred years war?
Because English monarchs attempted to take the French throne.
