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Pther 350 > Week 1 - Vertebrae > Flashcards

Week 1 - Vertebrae Flashcards

1
Q

vertebral column functions

A

support body weight, transmit forces, flexibility, positioning and support of head, protection

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2
Q

kyphosis

A

concave anteriorly
thoracic and sacral

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3
Q

lordosis

A

concave posteriorly
cervical and lumbar

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4
Q

primary curvatures

A

thoracic and kyphosis
born with them

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5
Q

secondary curvatures

A

cervical and lumbar
happens later in life

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6
Q

cervical lordosis

A

when child gains head control and is essential to being able to stand or sit and move their head

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7
Q

lumbar lordosis

A

appears once the child stands
needed for center of gravity over the hips and for standing

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8
Q

number or vetebrae

A

33 held together by intervertebral discs, ligaments and muscles

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9
Q

vertebrae breakdown

A

seperated = 24
- 7 cervica
- 12 thoracic
- 5 lumbar
fused = 9
- 5 sacral
- 4 coccygeal

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10
Q

movements of the vertebral column

A

extension, flexion, lateral flexion and rotation

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11
Q

vertebral body description

A

block shape, anterior part, main weight bearing, gets larger and thicket towards the lumbar

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12
Q

vertebral arch

A

ring structure
protects SC and caudal equina
attachment for ligaments and muscles

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13
Q

cervical variations

A

square shaped
trough shaped transverse
large traingular shape foreman
bifid spinous process

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14
Q

transverse foreman

A

only found in c1-c6 contains the vertebral artery

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15
Q

atlas - C1

A

there is no vertebral body, specialized for head movement

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16
Q

axis - C2

A

odontoid process
extends from the superior body
articulate with the atlas above

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17
Q

thoracic variations

A

superior and inferior articulations in posterior vertebrae for the ribs
- circular shaped foreman and smaller
- long slender downward pointing spinous processes

18
Q

lumbar variations

A

thick and wide vertebral body, thick lamina due to an increase in load
- long thin transverse process (except L5), triangular foreman, square shaped spinous process

19
Q

sacrum

A

has left articular surface for the hip joint and posterior sacral foramen for the nerves to exit

20
Q

coccyx

A

absence of vertebral foreman, attached by a fibrocartilogenous disc

21
Q

joints of the vertebral column (2)

A

zygapophyseal and intervertebral

22
Q

number of articulations

A

6
-1 above, 1 below intervertebral
- 2 left, 2 right zygaphophyseal

23
Q

interverterbal joints

A

secondary fibrocartilage
designed for weight, shock and strength

24
Q

intervertebral disc

A

annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus

25
Q

annulus firbosus

A

multiple layers of fibrocartilage and elastic fibres
arranged into concentric rings

26
Q

orientation of annulus fibrosus

A

concentric layers, runs in identical direction about 65 degree from vertical, it resists twisting and buckling

27
Q

nucleus pulposus

A

gel like 80% water, contained within the annulus but has no clear division with it

28
Q

vertebral end plate

A

1 mm layer of cartilage cover the upper and lower body and anchors the intervertebral disc
facilitates fluid exchange between disc and vertebral body

29
Q

uncinate process

A

do not extend across the entire width of the vertebral, extend to the uncinate process

30
Q

uncovertebral joint

A

synovial joints with defined articular surface, joint capsule and synovial membrane
limit excessive rotation of the cervical intervertebral joints

31
Q

anterior longitudinal ligament

A

a broad thick lig, spans the anterior part of vertebra, runs from sacral to C1
resist separation of the vertebral bodies during hyperextension

32
Q

posterior longitudinal ligamanet

A

not as broad, runs from sacral to C1
resists separation during hyperflexion

33
Q

zygapophyseal joint

A

synovial plane joints
allow gliding movement
joints have a loose joint capsule lined by synovial membrane

34
Q

ligaments of the vertebral arches (3)

A

suprapinous, interspinous, flavum
help support

35
Q

ligament flavum

A

highly elastic, becomes stretched when bending forward to help return upright

36
Q

interspinous ligament

A

weak band

37
Q

supraspinous ligament

A

longitudinal band that helps resist separation during flexion

38
Q

ligamentum Nuchae

A

in the cervical region helps return a flexed head and an attachment for cervical muscles

39
Q

cervical spine movement

A

flex, extend, rotation and bending

40
Q

thoracic movement

A

less movement, flexion, extend, rotation, bending

41
Q

lumbar movement

A

lateral flexion and limited rotation

Pther 350 (4 decks)

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