1.3.4 - Web Technologies

Question 1

What is HTML?

Answer 1

HTML is the language/script that web pages are written in.

Question 2

What does HTML do?

Answer 2

HTML allows a browser to interpret and render a webpage for the viewer by describing the structure and order of the webpage.

Question 3

What does < html > do?

Answer 3

All code written within these tags is interpreted as HTML.

Question 4

What does < body >do?

Answer 4

Defines the content in the main content area of the webpage

Question 5

What does < link > do?

Answer 5

Used to link to additional files, including CSS stylesheets

Question 6

What does < head > do?

Answer 6

Defines the browser tab or window heading area

Question 7

What does do?

Answer 7

Defines the text that appears with the tab or window heading area

Question 8

What does <h1>, <h2> and <h3> do?</h3></h2></h1>

Answer 8

Heading styles in decreasing sizes

Question 9

What does <p> do?</p>

Answer 9

<p> is used to define a paragraph separated with a line space above and below. </p>

Question 10

What does <img></img> do?

Answer 10

<img></img> is used for images. This is a self-closing tag, which means that there is no need to
include a closing tag () when using it.

Question 11

How does <img></img> work?

Answer 11

<img></img>

Question 12

What is <a> ?</a>

Answer 12

<a> is an anchor tag that defines a hyperlink with the location parameter, and is laid out in
the following form:
</a><a> link text </a>

Question 13

What does <ol> do?</ol>

Answer 13

<ol> is used to define an ordered list. Each element within the list is defined using the <li>
tag. </li></ol>

Question 14

What does <ul> do?</ul>

Answer 14

<ul> defines an unordered list. Again, each element within the list is defined using the <li>
tag. </li></ul>

Question 15

What does <div> do?</div>

Answer 15

<div> divides a page into separate areas, each which can be referred to uniquely by name. The following syntax is used when creating a division with the name page: <div></div></div>

Question 16

What are classes (web)?

Answer 16

Attributes given to multiple attributes in a webpage to style them in a particular way. Defined within the head of a webpage or a linked CSS style sheet.

Question 17

Why are classes good (web)?

Answer 17

Elements can follow a consistent style, and the styling/ formatting only has to be defined
once.

Question 18

How are classes defined and used.(web)?

Answer 18

.example {
background-color: green;
border: 1px solid black;
}

<div>
<p> This paragraph will have a green background and a black
border </p>
</div>

Question 19

What are identifiers?

Answer 19

Identifiers are a unique name given to an element on a web page.
Whereas a class name can be used by multiple elements, only one element can be associated with a particular identifier.

Question 20

How are identifiers made?

Answer 20

example { -color: green; a class

border: 1px solid black;
}
// using a class

<div>
<p> This paragraph will have a green background and a black
border </p>
</div>

Question 21

What is CSS?

Answer 21

CSS (Cascading style sheets) is a language used to describe the style of a webpage. It can be used to specify the way HTML elements look and applied to <h1>, </h1><p> and </p><div>.</div>

Question 22

What is internal CSS?

Answer 22

CSS placed inside the style tags and is entered directly into the
HTML document.

Question 23

What is external CSS?

Answer 23

CSS written in a separate document, linked to the HTML document.

Question 24

How to link to external CSS?

Answer 24

add to header < link href= “nameofstylesheet.css” rel= “stylesheet” type= “text/css” >

Question 25

What is javascript?

Answer 25

JavaScript is a scripting language which primarily exists to
add interactivity to websites

Question 26

Is javascript interpreted or compiled?

Answer 26

JavaScript is interpreted rather
than compiled. This means web pages are interpreted by the
browser each time they are loaded, independently of the
architecture of the processor which it is being loaded by.

Question 27

What is javascript often used to do?

Answer 27

Javascript is often used to validate input data on the client
computer.

Question 28

What are the advantages of using Javascript?

Answer 28

• Local computer can deal with invalid data before it is sent off to the servers,
• Eases the load on busy servers
• Reduces web traffic

Question 29

How to change attributes of an HTML element (Javascript)?

Answer 29

chosenElement = document.getElementById(“example”);
chosenElement.innerHTML = “Hello World”;

Question 30

How to write directly to a document (Javascript)?

Answer 30

document.write(“Hello World”);

Question 31

How to display an alert box(Javascript)?

Answer 31

alert(“Hello World”);

Question 32

What is a search engine?

Answer 32

A search engine is a program that searches through a database of internet addresses looking for resources based on criteria set by the client.

Question 33

Why is the order in which web resources are displayed important?

Answer 33

It determines which websites users choose to visit and use. Therefore it is important that search engines display the most high-quality websites with relevant content at the top of the page.

Question 34

What are web crawlers?

Answer 34

Web crawlers collect information about web pages to build an index of web pages.

Question 35

How do web crawlers work?

Answer 35

They traverse the Internet page by page, using website links. They collect keywords and phrases from the linked pages and add this to the index. They also collect meta data, the information specified by the website owner.

Question 36

What is the PageRank algorithm?

Answer 36

It is an algorithm which determines the order in which web pages are displayed when a search is conducted; higher pages show up first.

Question 37

What factors determine the PageRank of a page?

Answer 37

• How many incoming links it has from other web pages
• The page rank of the web pages that link to it

Question 38

What data structure represents pageRank?

Answer 38

A directed graph showing which pages link to other sites. Webpages are represented as nodes, with links being arcs between the nodes

Question 39

PageRank formula

Answer 39

(1-d) + d[(PageRank(T1) ÷ Count(T1)) + … + (PageRank(Tn) ÷ Count(Tn)] where PageRank(x) is the page rank of page x, Count(Tn) is the total count of outbound links from a webpage n and d is the damping factor. This is usually set to 0.85.

Question 40

What factors aside from PageRank do modern search engines take into account?

Answer 40

The age of a web page and how quickly content on
the web page loads.

Question 41

What is server side processing?

Answer 41

Server side processing is when a client sends data to a server for it to be processed. This means no information is processed on the client computer.

Question 42

Name some server side processing languages

Answer 42

SQL, PHP

Question 43

Why is server side processing useful?

Answer 43

Does not require plugins
● Can perform large calculations much faster than clients
● Not browser dependent,
● More secure

Question 44

What is client side processing?

Answer 44

Client side processing is when a client processes the data on a local device. This means that all of the information is processed on the client computer.

Question 45

Name a client side processing language

Answer 45

JavaScript

Question 46

Why is client side processing useful?

Answer 46

● Webpage can immediately respond to user actions
● Executes quickly
● Gives developers more control over the behaviour and look of the website