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Computer Science > 1.3.3 Networks > Flashcards

1.3.3 Networks Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a network?

A

Two or more computers connected together that transmit data.

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2
Q

What is physical topology?

A

Physical topology is the physical layout of the network.

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3
Q

What is logical topology?

A

The topology that describes the flow of data through a network.

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4
Q

What is Bus topology?

A

Topology in which all terminals are connected to a backbone cable.

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5
Q

Name some advantage of Bus topology?

A
  • Cheaper to set up,

- Doesn’t require any additional hardware.

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6
Q

What are some disadvantages of Bus topology?

A
  • If the backbone cable fails, the entire network gets disconnected,
  • As traffic increases, performance decreases,
  • All computers can see data transmission.
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7
Q

What is Star topology?

A

A network which uses a central node to direct the flow of data, each terminal is connected to the central node.

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8
Q

Name some advantages of the Star topology.

A
  • Performance is consistent with heavy network usage,
  • If one cable fails only that station is affected,
  • Transmits data faster, so it gives better performance,
  • It’s not difficult to add new stations,
  • No data collisions.
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9
Q

What are some disadvantages of the Star topology?

A
  • Expensive due to switch and cabling,

- If the central switch fails, the rest of the network fails.

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10
Q

What is Mesh Topology?

A

A topology in which every node is connected to every other, most commonly found with wireless technology.

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11
Q

What are some advantages of Mesh Topology?

A
  • No cabling cost,
  • As the number of nodes increase, reliability and speed increases,
  • New nodes automatically get incorporated,
  • Faster since data doesn’t travel through a central switch.
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12
Q

What are some disadvantages of Mesh Topology?

A
  • Need to purchase devices with wireless capabilities,

- Maintaining the network is difficult.

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13
Q

What are protocols?

A

Sets of rules defining how two devices communicate with each other.

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14
Q

Why are protocols are standard?

A

Protocols are standard so devices from different manufactures don’t have problems communicating.

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15
Q

Describe the structure of the internet.

A

The Internet is a global network of interconnected networks.

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16
Q

What does TCP stand for?

A

Transmission Control Protocol.

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17
Q

What does IP stand for?

A

Internet Protocol.

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18
Q

What is the function of the Application Layer during data transmission?

A

The Application Layer specifies what protocols need to be used to relate the application to what it’s being used for.

19
Q

What is the role of the Transport Layer during data transmission?

A

Establishes an end-to-end connection between the source and recipient computers. It also splits up the data into packets.

20
Q

What is the role of the Network Layer during data transmission?

A

Adds the source and destination IP address.

21
Q

What does the Application Layer do when it receives data?

A

Presents data in the form it was sent.

22
Q

What does the Transport Layer do when it receives the data?

A

Removes the port number and reassembles the packets.

23
Q

What does the Network Layer do when it receives the data?

A

Removes the IP address.

24
Q

What does the Link Layer do when it receives the data?

A

Removes the MAC addresses.

25
Q

What is a Local Area Network?

A

A network over a small geographical area/ positioned on a single site.

26
Q

What is a Wide Area Network?

A

A network spread over a large geographical area, usually requiring extra hardware.

27
Q

What does DNS stand for?

A

Domain Name System.

28
Q

What is DNS?

A

The name given to the method of naming internet resources (.com, .uk, etc).

29
Q

What is circuit switching?

A

The process of creating a direct link between two devices and transferring data the entire duration of the link.

30
Q

What is a requirement of circuit switching?

A

The transfer and download rates must be identical on both sides.

31
Q

What is packet switching?

A

A method of communicating packets of data across a network.

32
Q

What are some advantages of packet switching?

A
  • Multiple methods to ensure data arrives correctly,
  • Multiple methods to arrive to destination, if one breaks you can always go through another route,
  • Transfer packets over a very large network.
33
Q

What is a disadvantage of packet switching?

A

Time is spent deconstructing and reconstructing the packets.

34
Q

What are some advantages of circuit switching?

A
  • Data arrives in logical order which results in a quicker reconstruction of data,
  • Enables two users to hold a call without any delay in speech.
35
Q

What are some disadvantages of circuit switching?

A
  • Bandwidth is wasted during periods when no data is sent,
  • Devices must transfer and download at the same rate,
  • Switches introduce electrical interference which can corrupt or destroy data.
36
Q

What does the header of a data packet contain?

A
  • The sender and recipient IP address,
  • Protocols being used,
  • Order of the packets,
  • The time to live/ hop limit.
37
Q

What does the packet payload contain?

A

The raw data.

38
Q

What does the packet trailer contain?

A

The checksum or cyclic redundancy check.

39
Q

What is client-server networking?

A

A relationship between terminals (computers) and a single server which allows them to communicate, and share resources.

40
Q

Give dome advantages of client-server networking.

A
  • Increased security,
  • Central single backups,
  • Data and resources can be shared.
41
Q

Name some disadvantages of client-server networking.

A
  • Expensive to set up,

- Trained staff required to maintain the network.

42
Q

What is peer-to-peer networking?

A

A network where the terminals are all connected to each other to share resources.

43
Q

What are some advantages of peer-to-peer networks?

A
  • Cheaper to set up,
  • Easy to share resources,
  • Easy to maintain.
44
Q

Give some disadvantages of peer-to-peer networks?

A
  • Peer-to-peer networks can be used to contribute towards piracy,
  • Each computer has to be backed up independently.

Computer Science (22 decks)

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