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computer science > 1.3.3 Networks > Flashcards

1.3.3 Networks Flashcards

1
Q

what is a network?

A

two or more computers connected together that transmit data

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2
Q

what are protocols?

A

sets of rules defining how two devices communicate with each other

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3
Q

why are protocols standard?

A

so devices from different manufacturers don’t have problems communicating

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4
Q

why is protocol layering used?

A

-breaks tasks down into manageable units
-to apply protocols in order / one after the other
-to provide independence of layers

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5
Q

what is the Internet?

A

a global network of interconnected networks

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6
Q

what does TCP stand for?

A

Transmission Control Protocol

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7
Q

what does IP stand for?

A

Internet Protocol

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8
Q

what is the function of the application layer during data transmission?

A

specifies what protocols need to be used to relate the application to what it’s being used for

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9
Q

what is the role of the transport layer during data transmission?

A

establishes an end-to-end connection between the source and recipient computers
(it also splits up the data into packets)

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10
Q

what is the role of the network layer during data transmission?

A

adds the source and destination IP address

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11
Q

what does the application layer do when it receives data?

A

presents data in the form it was sent

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12
Q

what does the transport layer do when it receives the data?

A

removes the port number and reassembles the packets

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13
Q

what does the network layer do when it receives the data?

A

removes the IP address

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14
Q

what does the link layer do when it receives the data?

A

removes the MAC addresses

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15
Q

what is a Local Area Network?

A

a network spread over a small geographical area/ positioned on a single site

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16
Q

what is a Wide Area Network?

A

a network spread over a large
geographical area, usually requiring
extra hardware

17
Q

what does DNS stand for?

A

Domain Name System

18
Q

what is DNS?

A

the name given to the method of naming internet resources. (.com, .uk etc)

19
Q

what is circuit switching?

A

the process of creating a direct link
between two devices and transferring data the entire duration of the link

20
Q

what is a requirement of circuit
switching?

A

the transfer and download rates must be identical on both devices

21
Q

what is a requirement of circuit
switching?

A

the transfer and download rates must be identical on both devices

22
Q

what is packet switching?

A

a method of communicating packets of data across a network

23
Q

what are benefits of packet switching?

A
  • multiple methods to ensure data arrives correctly,
  • multiple methods to arrive to destination, if one breaks you
    can always go through another route.
  • transfer packets over a very large network
24
Q

what are drawbacks of packet switching?

A

time is spent deconstructing and
reconstructing the packets

25
Q

what are benefits of circuit switching?

A
  • data arrives in logical order which results in a quicker
    reconstruction of data,
  • enables two users to hold a call without any delay in
    speech
26
Q

what are drawbacks of circuit switching?

A
  • bandwidth is wasted during periods when no data is sent
  • devices must transfer and download at the same rate
  • switches introduce electrical interference which can
    corrupt or destroy data
27
Q

what does the header of a data packet contain?

A
  • the sender and recipient IP addresses
  • protocols being used
  • order of the packets
  • The time to live / hop limit
28
Q

what does the packet payload contain?

A

the raw data

29
Q

what does the packet trailer contain?

A

the checksum or cyclic redundancy
check

30
Q

what is client-server networking?

A

a relationship between terminals
(computers) and a single server which allows them to communicate, and share resources

31
Q

what are benefits of client-server networking?

A

-increased security
-central single backups
-data and resources can be shared

32
Q

what are drawbacks of client-server networking?

A

-expensive to set up
-trained staff are required to maintain the network

33
Q

what is peer-to-peer networking?

A

a network where the terminals are all connected to each other to share
resources

34
Q

what are benefits of peer-to-peer networks?

A

-cheaper to set up
-easy to share resources
-easy to maintain

35
Q

what are drawbacks of peer-to-peer networks?

A

-can be used to contribute towards piracy
-each computer has to be backed
up independently

computer science (16 decks)

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