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Computer Science > 1.3.3 Networks > Flashcards

1.3.3 Networks Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a network?

A

Two or more computers connected together than transmit data

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2
Q

What is a physical topology?

A

The physical layout of a network

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3
Q

What is a logical topology?

A

The topology that describes the flow of data through a network

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4
Q

What is a physical bus topology?

A

A topology in which all terminals are connected to a backbone cable

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5
Q

Name 2 advantages of physical bus topology?

A

Relatively inexpensive to set up
Doesn’t require any additional hardware

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6
Q

Name 3 disadvantages of physical bus topology?

A

If backbone cable fails, the entire network gets disconnected
As traffic increases, performance decreases
All computers can see the data transmission

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7
Q

What is a star bus topology?

A

A network in which a central node directs the flow of data each terminal is connected to the central node.

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8
Q

Name 5 advantages of the star bus topology?

A

Performance is consistent with heavy network usage
If one cable fails only that station is effected
Transmits data faster, so it gives better performance
It’s not difficult to add new stations
No data collisions

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9
Q

Name 2 disadvantages of star bus topology?

A

Expensive due to switch and cabling
If the central switch fails the rest of the network fails

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10
Q

What is a mesh topology?

A

A topology in which every node is connected to every other, most commonly found with wireless technology

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11
Q

Name 4 advantages of mesh topology?

A

no cabling cost
As the number of nodes increase, the reliability and speed of network increases
Nodes are automatically incorporated
Nodes don’t go through a central switch, improving speed

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12
Q

Name a disadvantages of a mesh topology?

A

Need to purchase devices with wireless capabilities

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13
Q

What is protocol?

A

A protocol is a set of rules defining how two computers communicate with each other.

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14
Q

Why are protocols standard?

A

So that devices from different manufactures don’t have problems communicating

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15
Q

What is the structure of the internet?

A

The internet is a global network of connected networks

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16
Q

Name 4 examples of protocols?

A

HTTP
TCP/IP
POP3
FTP

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17
Q

What does HTTP stand for?

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

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18
Q

What does TCP/IP stand for?

A

Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol

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19
Q

What does POP3 stand for?

A

Post Office Protocol

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20
Q

What does FTP stand for?

A

File Transfer Protocol

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21
Q

What are the 4 layers of TCP/IP stack in order (when transmitting data)?

A

Application layer
Transport layer
Network layer
Link Layer

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22
Q

What function does the application layer serve during transmission of data?

A

The application layer specifies what protocols need to be used to relate the application to what it’s used for

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23
Q

What 2 functions does the transport layer serve during transmission of data?

A

Establishes an end to end connection between the source and the recipient computers.
Splits up data into packets.

24
Q

What function does the network layer serve during transmission of data?

A

Adds the source and destination to the IP address

25
Q

What function does the link layer serve during transmission of data?

A

Adds the MAC address to the packet

26
Q

What are the 4 layers of TCP/IP stack in order (when receiving data)?

A

Link layer
Network layer
Transport layer
Application layer

27
Q

What function does the application layer serve during receiving data?

A

Presents date in the form it was sent

28
Q

What function does the transport layer serve during receiving data?

A

Removes the port number and packets

29
Q

What function does the network layer serve during receiving data?

A

Removes IP adrress

30
Q

What function does the link layer serve during receiving data?

A

Removes the MAC address

31
Q

What is a LAN (Local Access Network)?

A

A network spread over a small geographical area

32
Q

What is a WAN (Wireless Access Network)?

A

A network spread over a large geographical area

33
Q

Name 3 advantages of LAN?

A

Easy to maintain
Fast
Cheap

34
Q

Name a disadvantage of LAN?

A

It covers a small geographical area

35
Q

Name an advantage of WAN?

A

It covers a large geographical area

36
Q

Name 3 disadvantages of WAN?

A

Hard to maintain
Slow
Expensive

37
Q

What is a DNS (Domain Name System)?

A

The name given to naming internet resources (.uk,.com,.net)

38
Q

What is circuit switching?

A

The process of creating a direct link between two devices and transferring data the entire duration of the link

39
Q

What is a requirement of circuit switching?

A

The transfer and download rates must be identical on both devices

40
Q

Give an advantage of circuit switching?

A

Data arrives in a logical order which results in a quicker reconstruction of data

41
Q

Give 3 disadvantages of circuit switching?

A

Bandwidth is wasted during periods when no data is sent
Devices must transfer and download at the same rate
Switches introduce electrical interference which can corrupt or destroy data

42
Q

What is packet switching?

A

A method of communicating packets of data across the network

43
Q

Give an advantage of packet switching?

A

Multiple methods to ensure data arrives correctly
Multiple methods to arrive to destination, if one breaks you can always go through another route
Transfer packets over a very large network

44
Q

Name a disadvantage of packet switching?

A

Time is spent deconstructing and reconstructing packets

45
Q

What is a firewall?

A

A firewall is a piece of software or hardware (sometimes both) configured to let only certain types of traffic through it

46
Q

What is a proxy?

A

A web server that acts as an intermediary, collecting and sending data on behalf of a user, protecting their identity

47
Q

What is the function of a switch?

A

Directs the flow of data across a network

48
Q

What is the function of a router?

A

Connects two networks together

49
Q

What is the function of a gateway?

A

Connects two networks and translates protocols so they can communicate without any issues

50
Q

What is client-server networking?

A

A relationship between terminals and a single server which allows them to communicate, and share resources

51
Q

Give 2 advantages of client-server networking?

A

Increases security
Central single backups

52
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of client-server networking?

A

Expensive to set up
Trained staff are required to maintain the network

53
Q

What is peer-to-peer networking?

A

A network where the terminals are all connected to each other to share resources

54
Q

Give 2 advantages of peer-to-peer?

A

Cheaper to set up
Easy to maintain

55
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of peer-to-peer?

A

Each computer has to be backed up independently
commonly have little security

Computer Science (12 decks)

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