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Computer Science A Level OCR > 1.3.3 Networks > Flashcards

1.3.3 Networks Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a network?

A

Two or more computers connected together to transmit data

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2
Q

What is physical topology?

A

Physical topology is the physical layout of the network

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3
Q

What is the logical topology?

A

The topology that describes the flow of data through a network

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4
Q

What is bus topology?

A

Topology in which all terminals are connected to a backbone cable

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5
Q

Name an advantage of the bus topology?

A

Any two from:

  • Cheaper to set up
  • Doesn’t require any additional hardware
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6
Q

Give a disadvantage of the bus topology:

A

Any from:

  • If backbone cable fails, entire network gets disconnected
  • As traffic increases, performance decreases
  • All computers can see data transmission
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7
Q

What is star topology?

A

A network which uses a central node to direct the flow of data, each terminal is connected to the central node

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8
Q

Name two advantages of the star topology:

A

Two from:

  • Performance is consistent with heavy network usage
  • If one cable fails only that station is affected
  • Transmits data faster, so it gives better performance
  • It’s not difficult to add new stations
  • No data collisions
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9
Q

Name a disadvantage of the star topology:

A

One from:

  • Expensive due to switch and cabling
  • If the central switch fails the rest of the network fails
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10
Q

What is a mesh topology?

A

A topology in which every node is connected to every other, most commonly found within wireless technology (wifi)

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11
Q

Name two advantages of the mesh topology:

A

Two from:

  • No cabling cost
  • As the number of nodes increase, reliability and speed increases
  • New nodes automatically get incorporated
  • Faster since data doesn’t travel through a central switch
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12
Q

Give a disadvantage if the mesh topology

A

One from:

  • Need to purchase devices with wireless capabilities
  • Maintaining the network is difficult
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13
Q

What are protocols?

A

Sets of rules defining how two devices communicate with each other

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14
Q

Why are protocols standard?

A

Protocols are standard so devices from different manufacturers don’t have problems communicating

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15
Q

Describe the structure of the internet:

A

The internet is a global network of interconnected networks

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16
Q

What does TCP stand for?

A

Transmission Control Protocol

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17
Q

What does IP stand for?

A

Internet Protocol

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18
Q

What is the function of the application later in data transmission?

A

The Application Layer specifies what protocols need to be used to relate the application to what it’s being used for

19
Q

What is the role of the transport layer during data transmission?

A

Establishes an end-to-end connection between the source and recipient computers. It also splits up the data into packets

20
Q

What is the role of the network layer during data transmission?

A

Adds the source and destination IP address

21
Q

What does the application layer do when it receives data?

A

Presents data in the form it was sent

22
Q

What does the transport layer do when it receives the data?

A

Removes the port number and reassembles the packets

23
Q

What does the network layer do when it receives the data?

A

Removes the IP address

24
Q

What does the link layer do when it receives data?

A

Removes the MAC addresses

25
Q

What is a Local Area Network?

A

A network spread over a small geographical area/positioned on a single site

26
Q

What is a Wide Area Network?

A

A network spread over a large geographical area, usually requiring extra hardware

27
Q

What does DNS stand for?

A

Domain Name System

28
Q

What is DNS?

A

The name given to the method of naming internet resources (.com, .uk, etc.)

29
Q

What is circuit switching?

A

The process of creating a direct link between two devices and transferring data the entire duration of the link

30
Q

What is a requirement of circuit switching?

A

The transfer and download rates must be identical on both devices

31
Q

What is packet switching?

A

A method of communicating packets of data across a network

32
Q

Give an advantage of packet switching:

A

One from:

  • Multiple methods to ensure data arrives correctly
  • Multiple methods to arrive to destination, if one breaks you can always go through another route
  • Transfer packets over a very large networks
33
Q

Give a disadvantage of packet switching:

A
  • Time is spent deconstructing and reconstructing packets
34
Q

Give an advantage of circuit switching:

A

One from:

  • Data arrives in logical order which results in quicker reconstruction of data
  • Enables two users to hold a call without any delay in speech
35
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of circuit switching:

A

Two from:

  • Bandwidth is wasted during periods when no data is sent
  • Devices must transfer and download at the same rate
  • Switches introduce electrical interference which can corrupt or destroy data
36
Q

What does the header of a data packet contain?

A
  • The sender and recipient IP addresses
  • Protocols being used
  • Order of the packets
  • The time to live/hop limit
37
Q

What does the packet payload contain?

A

The raw data

38
Q

What does the packet trailer contain?

A

The checksum or cyclic redundancy check

39
Q

What is client-server networking?

A

A relationship between terminals (computers) and a single server which allows them to communicate, and share resources

40
Q

Give an advantage of client-server networking:

A

One from:

  • Increased security
  • Central single backups
  • Data and resources can be shared
41
Q

Name a disadvantage of client-server networking:

A

One from:

  • Expensive to set up
  • Trained staff are required to maintain the network
42
Q

What is peer-to-peer Networking?

A

A network where the terminals are all connected to each other to share resources

43
Q

Give two advantages of peer-to-peer networks:

A

Two from:

  • Cheaper to set up
  • Easier to share resources
  • Easy to maintain
44
Q

Give two disadvantages of peer-to-peer networks

A
  • Peer-to-peer networks can be used to contribute towards piracy
  • Each computer has to be backed up independently

Computer Science A Level OCR (23 decks)

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