13.3 Apoptosis I

Question 1

What is one example for essential cell death during embryogenesis?

Answer 1

Death of the cells in tissues between developing digits of the hand

Question 2

Cells with irreparable DNA normally undergo ________.

Answer 2

Apoptosis

Question 3

Excessive apoptosis can result in tissue destruction. Give 2 examples of events where this happens.

Answer 3

Heart attack

Stroke

Question 4

Apoptosis vs Necrosis

Answer 4

Apoptosis: cells are actively involved in the process
Necrosis: uncontrolled cell death, the cell does not participate in this process….the cell just dies

Question 5

TUNEL staining

Answer 5

Used to detect apoptotic cells in tissue or in situ without having to extract DNA and running it out on a gel.

Question 6

What are 2 experimental methods used to detect apoptosis?

Answer 6

1. Activation of nucleases with degrade the links in DNA between nucleosomes (the parts of DNA wrapped around histones) and run out on a gel to analysis the different lengths of pieces of DNA.
2. TUNEL staining

Question 7

Caspase

Answer 7

Proteases that degrade other proteins at aspartic acid residues. Mediate apoptosis

Question 8

Initiator caspases are designated by what numbers?

Answer 8

2, 8, 9, 10

Question 9

Executioner caspases are designated by what numbers?

Answer 9

3, 6, 7

Question 10

Apoptosis can be controlled from ______ or ______ cells.

Answer 10

Outside (extrinsic)

Inside (intrinsic)

Question 11

DISC

Answer 11

Death inducing signaling complex which is part of extrinsic apoptotic cel death
-assembled using procaspase and FADD domains.

Question 12

Intrinsic apoptosis uses mitochondrial _________.

Answer 12

Cytochrome c

Question 13

Apoptosome

Answer 13

Used in intrinsic apoptosis, formation of a round structure with procaspases and cytochrome c