1.3.2 Protocols and Layers Flashcards
What is a wired connection between devices?
Physical connection
What are examples of a wired connection?
Ethernet cable, used to connect to NICs, routers and switches
How many gigabytes per second can wired connection handle?
100
What is a wireless connection?
use of radio waves to transmit a signal or message between compatible devices.
What does a wireless local area network signal to modern devices?
2.4 to 5GHz
What is Bluetooth?
a short range, wireless, personal network technology standard (10m)
When is Bluetooth commonly used?
wireless speakers
headphones
game controllers
What is the need for encryption?
Prevents unauthorised external access
What does a encrypted file require to access it?
Key or passwords
What do current Wi-Fi encryption standards use?
Wired equivalent Privacy (WEP)
Wi-Fi-Protected Access (WPA, WPA2, WPA3)
What is wired equivalent privacy
oldest and least secure standard. Easily hacked and not recommended on modern devices.
What is Wi-Fi-Protected Access?
combines encryption with a secure password to protect WLAN access. WPA3 is most recent + secure.
What is an IP address?
Assigned to network devices to allow data transfer across the Internet using the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/IP.
Qualities of an IP address?
Are described as static if permanently assigned to a key network device.
Are described as dynamic if assigned by router within a network and can change each time the network is restarted.
Normally stored as four denary numbers.
How is it possible to use operating systems and applications across multiple devices?
Because manufacturers and program developers conform to certain agreed standards.
What do Hardware Standards include?
Common interface or charging sockets, motherboard compatibility and communication connectivity
What do Software Standards include?
Common file types, operating systems and web browsing formats.
What are all the Network Protocols?
TCP/IP
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
HTTPS (HTTP Secure)
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
POP (Post Office Protocol)
IMAP (Internet Message Action Protocol)
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
What does HTTP stand for?
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
What does HTTPS stand for?
HTTP Secure
What does FTP stand for?
File Transfer Protocol
What does POP stand for?
Post Office Protocol
What does IMAP stand for?
Internet Message Action Protocol
What does SMTP stand for?
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
What is TCP/IP?
A set of protocols that allow computers on multiple networks, including the internet, to transmit and receive data packets
What is HTTP?
Rules followed by web servers and web clients, or browsers, which host, and present websites based on our requests
What is HTTPS?
Encrypts communication between server and client – makes secure online shopping and banking possible
What is FTP?
Used to connect clients and servers across a network to exchange files. Traditionally used to upload files to a web server
What is POP?
Used to log in to and retrieve email messages from a mail server. When connected, all messages are downloaded to that device.
What is IMAP?
Allow access to an email server but, rather than downloading messages, they are simply read. Allows synchronised access from multiple devices, unlike POP.
What is SMTP?
Used to send emails messages to an email server rather than to receive messages
What are layers?
set of protocols with specific functions.
What layers can data be transmitted between?
Adjacent layers
What is an Application Layer?
Data relevant to web browsers and email clients – HTTP, FTP, SMTP
What is a Transport Layer?
Ensures that data is sent and received correctly between network hosts - TCP
What is an Internet/Network Layer?
Communicates the IP addresses of all devices used in data traffic between network routers - IP
What is a Data Link Layer?
Concerned with physical data transfer over cables - Ethernet
