1.3.1 Diagnostic criteria for impulse control disorders Flashcards
Types of ICDs
Impulse control disorder (ICD)
A condition in which a person has trouble controlling emotions or behaviours.
Often, the behaviours violate the rights of others or conflict with societal norms/the law.
Types of ICDs
Pathological/problem gambling
Disorder involving a pattern of persistent or recurring gambling behaviour, either online or offline.
This pattern continues despite negative physicak, psychological and social consequences.
Types of ICDs
Kleptomania
Characterised by a powerful impulse to steal, this is very hard to resist and so people steal as a result.
Often involves the urge to collect and hoard things at home, objects they steal may have little monetary value and they could afford to buy them.
The more difficult the object is to gain, the more thrilling and addictive they find it.
Types of ICDs
Pyromania
Characterised by a powerful impulse to set fires.
Usually because they are attracted to fires or seeing the fire service ‘in action’.
They may feel a sense of arousal or satisfaction after starting the fire.
Types of ICDs
3 typical features of ICD according to the ICD-11
- Growing tension before committing the act.
- Feeling pleasure/relief during committing the act.
- After the act, person may/may not feel regret, guilt or blame.
Types of ICDs
What do ICDs often involve?
Compulsions.
Types of ICDs
Compulsions
Recurring actions the person feels a need to carry out.
Kleptomania
Do more men or women present with kleptomania?
Why might this be?
More women, possibly because they seek help more or are in shopping environments more often.
Kleptomania
Characteristics of kleptomania
- Intrusive thoughts
- Urges to steal
- Inability to concentrate
- Guilt/shame
Kleptomania
What does kleptomania often lead to?
- Arrest
- Prosecution
- Embarrassment
- Loss of employment
Pyromania
What is the difference between fire setting, arson and pyromania, according to Burton et al. (2012)?
- Fire setting - both accidental (falling asleep with a candle lit) and intentional (no criminal intent, like starting a campfire).
- Arson - a criminal act, where one maliciously sets fire to a structure/property of another.
- Pyromania - intentional, pathological fire-setting but may not always commit the crime of arson. This is a psychiatric diagnosis.
Pathological/problem gambling
What did Balszynski and Nower (2002) identify as common influences in all problem gamblers?
- Availability and access
- Classical/operant conditioning reinforcements
- Arousal effects
- Biased cognitive schemas
Pathological/problem gambling
Characteristics of problem gambling
- Fear of a missed opportunity if they wait to gamble.
- Engage in superstitious behaviour before/during gambling to try and increase their chances of winning.
- Plagued with feelings of remorse/guilt and may be haunted by the fear their spouse will discover their secret.
Pathological/problem gambling
3 pathways into problem gambling
- Behavioural conditioning = gamble excessively due to poor decision making and bad judgements.
- Emotionally vulnerable = gamble to modify their mood states and meet psychological needs.
- Antisocial impulsivity = have biological dysfunctions either neurologically or neurochemically, they have antisocial personality disorder and impulsivity.
K-SAS - Measures of impulse control disorders
Kleptomania symptom assessment scale (K-SAS)
11-item self-report scale, from 0-4.
Respondent considers their thoughts, feelings, impulses and behaviours in the past week relating to stealing.
More than 31/44 = severe, 21+ = moderate.
Example: If you had urges to steal during the past week, on average, how strong were your urges? None (0) Mild (1) Moderate (2) Severe (3) Extreme (4)’.
