13.1 Concepts of Physical Activity and Sport Flashcards
What is physical recreation?
- Defined as ‘the active aspect of leisure’
- Leisure is free time which can be spent actively or passively
If spent actively- can be classified as physcial recreation as it is entered into voluntarily during a persons free time
Emphasis is on participation and taking part in physical recreation without focusing on winning
What are the key characteristics of physical recreation?
- Fun/enjoyable , non-serious & informal in nature so winning is not important; taking part is the main motive for participation
- Physically energetic- Involves effort being applied into physical activity
- Participating is a matter of ‘choice’/voluntary & up to you whether you take part or not
- Flexible- how long you take part for & rules being followed can be adjusted by participants as they wish
- Self regulated- any decisions during actvities are made by participants themselves
What are some of the benefits of physical recreation?
- Develop self confidence/self-esteem via a sense of achievement
- Stress reduction occurs
- Skills develop/fitness increases as a result of taking part in physical recreation activites
- Social skills improve
- Sense of fun/enjoyment is gained
What are the benefits of physical recreation for a society?
- Increased health and fitness helps reduce strain on the NHS & lowers obesity rates
- If more individuals from different social communities join clubs & socially interact, it can help increase social integration & improve community cohesion
- Can lead to an increase in employment & economic benefits when more people use facilities & buy equipment to participate
- A more positive use of free time increases social control & reduces crime rates
What is Sport?
- Viewed as a serious and/or competitive experience
What are the key characterisitcs of sport?
- Highly structured- Has set/strict rules
- Involves use of specialist equipment
- Officials are present who are trained or appointed by national governing bodies
- Strategies and tactics are involved to try to outwit opponents & win
- Rewards are recieved as a result of success
- High levels of commitment & or strict training are involved to maintain & improve fitness & skill levels
What are the benefits of sports participation for society?
- Strain on the NHS is reduced (obesity levels reduce)
- Social control is increased- instead of people participating in crime in their free time, they partake in sport
- Economic benefits- as people pay to participate & spend money on new equipment & the latest fashionable kit on the market - (employment opportunities created asw- coaches,lifeguards, fitness trainers etc)
- Social integration is increased, along w community cohesion/morale
What are the key characteristics & aims of physical education (P.E)?
- It is compulsory
- It involves formally taught lessons
- It has four key stages as part of the national curriculum from ages 5-16
- It begins at primary school ‘foundation level’
- Teachers are in charge & deliver lessons
- Lessons are pre-planned- highly structured
- It is in school time
What are some of the objectives of national curriculum P.E?
- Mental skills
- Physical skills
- Social skills
- Leadership
- Health & fitness
What is outdoor education?
- Activities which take place in the natural environment & utilise nature/geographical resources such as mountians, rivers, lakes etc
e.g. rock climbing, kayaking
What are the benefits of outdoor education?
(LEADS)
- L- Leadership skills
- E- Excitement/adrenaline rush
- A- Appreciation of the natural environment
- D- Decision making
- S-Social skills/self-esteem
What are some of the problems P.E departments in school face offering outdoor education as a curriculum entitlement?
- A lack of time (e.g. time in the curriculum)
- A lack of money (e.g. high costs of specialist equipment)
- Lack of qualified or motivated staff
What should a pupils experience of P.E involve?
- Education (National curriculum P.E)
- School Sport (extra curricular competitive opportunities, interhouse competitons etc)
- Recreation (e.g. extra curricular, non-competitive participation opportunities)
What is ‘school sport’ & how is it different to P.E?
- Extra-curricular competitive sport
- School sport is competitive & has been promoted as important by governments with initiatives introduced such as School Sport Partnerships & School Games
What are the ‘School Sport Partnerships’ & the ‘School Games’?
- School Sport Partnerships:
The creation of increased opportunities for school sport via junior/primary schools working together w secondary schools & further education providers - School Games
Initiative to increase participation in school sport from intra/inter-school level through to county & national level
Compare the concepts of Physical Recreation and Sport.
Physical Recreation
- Avaliable to all/voluntary/choice
- Emphasis on taking part/participation focus
- Limited/varied effort/commitment required
- Rules can be modified
- Basic equipment & clothing used or worn
- Self officiated/self-regulated
Sport
- More selective/obligation/for some an occupation
- Emphasis on winning/serious/competitive
- Involves high level of effort/commitment to train
- Set rules apply
- External officials enforce rules
- High tech equipment & clothing used/worn
Compare the concepts of Physical Recreation & Physical Education.
Physical Recreation
- Voluntary/choice
- In a persons free time
- Informal/relaxed
- Ppts control activity themselves, self regulated
- Participation level
Physical Education
- Compulsory
- In school time
- Formal teaching & learning
- Teacher in charge
- Foundation level at primary school level
- Highly structured
Compare the concepts of National Curriculum P.E & School Sport.
National Curriculum P.E
- In lesson/curriculum time
- Compulsory
- For all
- Emphsis on taking part
- Teacher led
- Wide variety of activites experienced
School Sport
- In free time; extra curricular
- Element of choice; voluntary involvement
- For the chosen few; elitist
- Emphasis on winning; competitive
- Coaches involved
- Spcialisms develop
