130 Thyroid Flashcards
What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?
Grave’s disease
What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
weight loss increased appetite nervousness sweating tremors heat intolerance palpitation exophalmos
What does Grave’s disease consist of?
hyperthyroidism
thyroid enlargement
opthalmopathy
dermopathy
What is hypothyroidism?
Under secretion of thyroid hormones
What are the causes of hypothyroidism
iodine deficiency
thyroid disease
pituitary abnormalities
What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?
weight gain hair loss lethargy myxedema cold intolerance
Diffuse non-toxic goiter (Colloid Goiter)
Early phase. Uniform enlargement of thyroid gland. Benign.
Adenomatous Hyperplasia (Multi-Nodular thyroid)
Late phase.
Multiple nodules
Hypothyroidism
Acute Thyroiditis
Rare
Caused by bacterial infection
destruction of the thyroid
Subacute Thyroiditis
Caused by viral infection destruction of the thyroid
Autoimmune Thyroiditis
Hashimoto’s disease
Most common type of thyroiditis destruction of the thyroid
Symptoms of thyroiditis
exhibits symptoms of hyperthyroidism, but actually has hypothyroidism
What is the treatment for thyroiditis?
Synthroid (synthetic hormone similar to T4)
Thyroid Adenoma
more common in females
well circumscribed isoechoic lesion with hypoechoic halo
Parathyroid Anatomy and Measurements
4 or more glands 2 superior / 2 inferior posterior aspect of the thyroid SIZE - less than 4 mm not normally visualized flat-shaped
Functions of the parathyroid
Production of PTH
Regulation of serum calcium
hypoparathyroidism treatment
Vit D and calcium
hyperparathyroidism
hypercalcemia
may lead to vascular wall calcification
What is the endocrine system composed of?
pituitary gland, thyroid, ovaries, testicles and pancreas
What are the functions of the thyroid?
metabolism, growth and development.
Production, storage and secretion of T3 and T4
What is the location of the thyroid gland?
anterior and lateral to trachea
C5 to T1
below larynx
What is the size of the thyroid?
4-6cm length
2-3cm AP
1-2cm wide
Isthmus
2-6mm AP
What are the muscular landmarks for the thyroid?
Sternocleidomastoid Strap muscles: sternothyroid sternohyoid omohyoid
What are the vascular landmarks for the thyroid?
CCA medial and IJV lateral
