130 Carotid Flashcards
What measurements should you take in spectral Doppler?
Peak systolic and end diastolic velocity
Extracranial vessels
outside the skull
Intracranial vessels
inside the skull
Cerebrovascular system
blood vessels supplying and draining the brain
What is a stroke?
episode of regional cerebral ischemia
Where does arterial occlusion mostly occur?
ICA
Transient Ischemic Attack
resolves within 24 hours
Reversible Ischemic Neurological Occlusion
resolves within 48 hours
Non-modifiable risk factors of stroke
age, race, sex
Modifiable risk factors of stroke
#1 = hypertension cardiac diseases diabetes mellitus elevated cholesterol smoking sedetary lifestyle/ obesity
Atherosclerosis
buildup of plaque in the artery. Hardening of vessel wall
What are the warning signs of stroke?
- Numbness and weakness of one side of the body.
- Confusion; trouble speaking (aphasia)
- Trouble seeing in one or both eyes (amaurosis fugax)
- Dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
- Headache
- Loss of consciousness (syncope)
Tributaries of the innominate artery
R CCA and R Subclavian
Tributary of R Subclavian
R Vertebral
Connective sheath enclosing the vagus nerve, CCA and IJV
Carotid Sheath
How many vessels supply blood extracranially?
4
R and L CCA
R and L vertebral
Which CCA branch is smaller?
ECA
What part of the brain does ICA supply?
Anterior
Sudden onset of blindness
amaurosis fugax
Loss of consciousness
syncope
altered speech
aphasia
Bruid
noise caused by tissue vibration produced by blood flow turbulence
Transducer or choice for carotid imaging
high frequency linear
5, 7, 10 MHz
vessel diameter and plaque should be measured in this view
transverse
What is the normal spectral waveform in the CCA?
Mixed resistance
What is the normal spectral waveform in the ICA?
Low resistance
What is boundary layer separation?
normal flow disturbance with transient reversal of blood flow on the posterior wall of carotid bulb
What is the normal spectral waveform in the ECA?
High resistance. Pulsatile
What is the normal spectral waveform in the vertebral artery?
Low resistance
Increase in blood flow is usually associated with ______
tortuous vessel
True/False
You can make diagnosis based on spectral Doppler only
True
True/False
You can make diagnosis based on Color Doppler only
False
What does color Doppler provider you with?
Average velocity
What does spectral Doppler provide you with?
Peak velocity
What are two places where you’d see triphasic flow?
Legs and subclavian arteries
What does filling of the spectral window represent?
Stenosis
