13. VL

Question 1

Why study Immunology?

Answer 1

Allergies
• Lymphomas
• Immunodeficiencies
•Antibodies as tools: • Medicine:
• Vaccination
• Transplantation • Cancer therapy
Immunology
Healthy adult person: approximately 1011–1012 new blood cells are produced daily in order to maintain steady state levels in the peripheral circulation
•Diseases:
• Research: analysis of protein function

Question 2

The immune system in mammals

Answer 2

Innate immune system: macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils
1) First line of defense against bacteria until adaptive immune system is
operational (4‐7 days!)
2) Initiate and direct the adaptive immune response:
1)communication using cytokines
2)antigen presentation by dendritic cells to lymphocytes

3) Removal of pathogens (phagocytosis)

Question 3

The immune system in mammals (components)

Answer 3

Adaptive immune system: lymphocytes More versatile
T cells (thymus): different subtypes
•Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+): destroy infected cells •T helper cells (CD4+): activate B cells
B cells (bone):
•Plasma cells: secrete antibodies •Memory B cells: circulating, dormant

Question 4

Hä·ma·to·po·e·seWörterbuchergebnis für Hämatopoese
/Hämatopoése/
Substantiv, feminin [die]MEDIZIN
Blutbildung, besonders Bildung der roten Blutkörperchen

Answer 4

Sites of hematopoiesis
Controlled by: •growth factors: e.g.
• erythropoietin
• Stem cell factor
• Colony stimulating factors • IL‐2/3/6/7
•signal transduction •transcription factors
not linear
cells can distinguish time, amount and frequency of the signal