1.3 The Suprarenal Glands

Question 1

What are the Suprarenal Glands also known as?

Answer 1

The Adrenal Glands

Question 2

Where are the Suprarenal Glands found?

Answer 2

Superior to each Kidney

Question 3

Are the Suprarenal Glands and the Kidneys Connected?

Answer 3

No, The Suprarenal Glands are Enclosed in and Separated by a Capsule

Question 4

How are the Suprarenal Glands Peritonised?

Answer 4

It is Retroperitoneal

Question 5

What are the 2 parts of the Suprarenal Gland?

Answer 5

1. The Outer Cortex

2. The Inner Medulla

Question 6

What is the Embryological Origin of the Outer Cortex of the Suprarenal Gland?

Answer 6

The Mesodermal Epithelium

Question 7

What is the Embryological Origin of the Inner Medulla of the Suprarenal Gland?

Answer 7

The Neuroectoder

Question 8

Which Arteries supply the Suprarenal Gland?

Answer 8

1. The Superior Suprarenal Arteries
2. The Middle Suprarenal Arteries
3. The Inferior Suprarenal Arteries

Question 9

Where do the Left and Right Middle Suprarenal Arteries arise from?

Answer 9

The Abdominal Aorta - There is a Single Artery which branches off the Abdominal Aorta and this then branches many times to give many Middle Suprarenal Arteries

Question 10

Where do the Left and Right Inferior Suprarenal Arteries arise from?

Answer 10

The Left and Right Renal Arteries - There is a Single Artery which branches off the Renal Artery and this then branches many times to give many Middle Suprarenal Arteries

Question 11

How many Suprarenal Veins are there?

Answer 11

1

Question 12

Where does the Suprarenal Vein drain on the Right Side?

Answer 12

The Inferior Vena Cava

Question 13

Where does the Suprarenal Vein drain on the Left Side?

Answer 13

The Left Renal Vein

Question 14

What is the Cortex Divided into?

Answer 14

1. The Zona Glomerulosa
2. The Zona Fasciculata
3. The Zona Reticularis

Question 15

How is the Zona Glomerulosa described?

Answer 15

1. Superficial

2. Thin

Question 16

How is the Zona Fasciculata described?

Answer 16

1. In between the Zona Glomerulosa and the Zona Reticularis

2. Thick

Question 17

How is the Zona Reticularis described?

Answer 17

1. Deep

2. Immediately Adjacent to the Medulla

Question 18

What Collection of Cells are present in the Medulla?

Answer 18

Large, Ovoid Chromaffin Cells

Question 19

What do these Large, Ovoid Chromaffin Cells secrete?

Answer 19

1. Adrenalin (Epinephrine)

2. Noradrenalin (Noraepinephrine)

Question 20

What does the Zona Glomerulosa secrete?

Answer 20

Aldosterone

Question 21

What does the Zona Fasiculata secrete?

Answer 21

Cortisol

Question 22

What does the Zona Reticularis secrete?

Answer 22

1. Progesterone
2. Oestrogen Precursors
3. Androgens

Question 23

What type of Hormone is Aldosterone (Secreted by the Zona Glomerulosa)?

Answer 23

A Mineralocorticoid Hormone

Question 24

What type of Hormone is Cortisol (Secreted by the Zona Glomerulosa)?

Answer 24

A Glucocorticoid Hormone

Question 25

What type of Hormone is Progesterone/Oestrogen Precursors/Androgens (Secreted by the Zona Glomerulosa)?

Answer 25

Sex Hormones

Question 26

What are the actions of Aldosterone?

Answer 26

It Regulates the Salt / Water Balance

Question 27

What are the actions of Cortisol?

Answer 27

It regulates changes in the body (e.g. Blood Glucose Concentration) in response to a stress