1.3 The Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945 Flashcards
what happened in the marco polo bridge incident?
- japanses army controls south manchurian railway
- japanese soldier goes missing -> excuse
- ultimatum for chinese troops to withdraw from area
what were the causes of the sino-jap war? give dates if necessary
- marco polo bridge incident, july 1937
- jiang’s concentration of military on communists 1931-36
- the xian incident, 1936
what is jiang’s quote associated with the marco polo bridge incident?
“limits of endurance have been reached”
what is jiang’s quote showing his refusal for second united front?
“japanese a disease of the skin, communists a disease of the heart”
what happened in the xian incident?
- young marshal disagreed with jiang’s strat
- jiang taken prisoner by YM on visit to xian
- jiang agreed to united front
- released and returned to nanjing
who was the young marshal?
warlord, military commander in shaanxi
what did the communists in communication with the young marshall FIRST tell him to do with jiang?
said he should be executed
why did the communists change their stance toward jiang in the xian incident? what did they change it to?
stalin’s pressure changed ccp’s view;
jiang was the only man capable of leading war against japan, so he should be forced to agree to second united front instead
what was an immediate consequence of the xian incident?
planned offensive against ccp in xian called off
what were the 5 agreements of the second united front? when agreed?
1937
- ccp accept jiang’s leadership and new fourth army to be placed under control of nra
- gmd to cease military operations against communists
- financial support for communists from central gmd gov
- gmd to end political repression of ccp
- national political consultative council
which of the 5 agreements in the second united front never went ahead?
nfa never placed under control of nra due to mutual suspicion
what was the npcc? when established? what makeup? how was it limited?
- unite all forces in country and combine ideas
- 200 members non-gmd members, 120 of which to be communist
- had very limited powers and jiang retained autocracy over gov
when was the new fourth army established? what makeup? led by whom? how many troops when founded?
1937
- remaining communist forces after TLM
- led by ye ting
- 10,000 troops
summary of phase 1 of warfare
japan took the capital city twice as they advanced up yangzi and were aided by airbases
describe the loss of capital cities (inc dates) in phase 1 of warfare
- loss of nanjing (jan 1938), capital moved to wuhan
- loss of wuhan (oct 1938), capital moved to chongqing
