1.3 TEMPLES Flashcards
Jobs of Greek Hiereia/Hiereus
- Temporary role
- Oversee upkeep of the temple
Jobs of Greek Mantis
- Read entrails of sacrificed animals
- Blemishes/imperfections were a bad sign
- Augur’s read the flight of birds
What was a hecatomb
Sacrifice of 100 oxen
What would participants do before a sacrifice
- Wear best clothes
- Gild the animal’s horns
What part of a sacrifice did the gods recieve
Thigh bones wrapped in fat
Dimensions of Pathenon
69.5 x 30.9 m
Northern metopes of Parthenon
Greeks vs Trojans
Southern metopes of Parthenon
Lapiths vs Centaurs
Eastern metopes of Parthenon
Gods vs Titans
Western metopes of Parthenon
Amazonians vs Greeks
What do all the metopes on the Parthenon represent
Civilisation over barbarism
What is the partenon made of
Pentallic marble
Ionic frieze of Parthenon
Great Panathania
Eastern pediment of Parthenon
Athena’s birth
Western pediment of Parthenon
Contest for Athens
What is the Parthenon made of
Pentallic marble - very expensive
How tall was the cult statue of Athena
13m
What was the cult statue of Athena made of
Gold and ivory
Where was the Parthenon located
On top of the Acropolis - could be seen from a far
Where was the Temple of Zeus located
Within the sanctuary of Olympia - isolated and far from cities
Dimensions of Temple of Zeus
64.1 x 27.7 m
What is the Temple of Zeus made from
Local limestone - cheap
Eastern pediment of Temple of Zeus
Myth of Pelops
Western pediment of Temple of Zeus
Centaruomachy
How tall was the Cult statue of Zeus, and when was it added
13m, added after 8 years
What was below the Cult Statue of Zeus
A pool of oil to maintain ivory and make it shine
What was every Roman priest expected to maintain
Pax decorum - uttering the correct prayer
What did all Roman priests do, that the Greeks didn’t
Veil their heads
How many Pontifecs, and who led them
15, led by Pontifex Maximus (appointed by emperor)
Role of Augurs
Read flight of birds
How many vestal virgins
6
Where did the Vestal virgins live
House of Vestals in the Roman forum
Who selected the vestal virgins
Pontifex Maximus
Criteria to become a Vestal Virgin
- Between 6-10
- 2 living parents
- Take a 30 year vow of chastity
- Buried alive is break the vow
Jobs of Vestal virgins
- Protect the sacred flame in Temple of Vesta - if it went out, Rome would fall and they would be whipped
- Held wills
- Make the mola salsa for sacrifices
Privilages of Vestal Virgins
- Own property
- Make wills
- Vote
- Seats to games- sometimes only women (distraction for competing men)
Role of Roman Haruspex
- Read entrials of sacrificed animals
- Used a model liver to check entrails
Where is Temple of Portunus
In Rome, by a cattle market
What is Temple of Portunus made of
Limestone and tufa
Who is Pantheon dedicated to
Many gods
Where is the Pantheon
In Campus Martius - were armies met, elections took place and politicians gave speeches
What is unique about the Pantheon
Occulus at top, and rotunda at back
What would’ve been in the cella/naos of the Pantheon
Multiple cult statues
What is Portunus the god of
Harbours
