Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

C2 > 13. Radiology of trauma > Flashcards

13. Radiology of trauma Flashcards

1
Q

When is skull radiography useful (SXR)

A

calvarial fractures
penetrating injuries
radiopaque foreign bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is CT sensitive to in brain

A

mass effect
ventricular size
bone injuries
acute haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are limitations of CT

A

small and non-haemorrhagic lesions (contusion)
DAI
Detecting increased ICP or cerebral oedema
Early demonstration of HIE
ionising radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is mri sensitive to

A

subacute and chronic brain injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does mri show superior contrast resolution for

A

non-haemorrhagic primary lesions or secondary effects(oedema, HIE, DAI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what mri imaging sequence is i

A

haemosiderin-sensitive T2W GRE
SWE
FLAIR for subarachnoid haemorrhage and lesions bordered by CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is MRI limited by

A 
not available in acute trauma setting
long imaging times- patient motion
insensitive to subarachnoid haemorrhage
medical devices incompatability
risk of in-dwelling devices
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

types of vascular injuries

A

penetrating trauma
basal skull fracture
trauma to the next

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

best way to show dissection

A

angiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

when to investigate for -

  1. glasgow coma scale(gcs)
  2. vomiting&headache
  3. amnesia
  4. drug intox
  5. age
  6. anticoagulation
A
  1. <13 <15
  2. not predictive in children
  3. longer - more chance haemorrhage
  4. up to 8% alchohol intoxicated
  5. > 60 and infants
  6. not clear
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

types of primary neuronal injury

A

cortical contusions
diffuse axonal injury
primary brain stem injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

types of primary haemorrhage

A

subarachnoid haemorrhage
subdural haematomas
extra dural haematomas
intracerebral haematomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how can cortical contusion happen

A

consequence of direct trauma usually against skull,

skull impacts on brain forms ‘brain bruise’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how can DAI happen

A

e.g. hit by car on side
momentum of brain tissue
gm and wm move in different way causes vascular injury and shearing force
diffuse happens throughout the brain in diff. densities of tissue
with ct can’t distingshh dai early on
mri can pick hameorrghes deep in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how can subarachnoid haemorrhage happen

A

in case of intercranial arterial rupture e.g. aneurysm or trauma
marked arterial blood within system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how can subdural haemorrhage happen

A

any form of injury causes mass effect, subdural can accumulate and there can be multiple sites

17
Q

how can parenchymal haemorrhage happen

A

more frontal impact. vessels that supply brain focus deep in more discrete

18
Q

what do vascular injuries take form in

A

dissections, lacerations, occlusions, pseduoaneurysms, arteriovenous fistulas

19
Q

how do vascular injuries occur

A

basal skull fractures

20
Q

what imaging to use for vascular injuries

A

CTA MRA DSA

21
Q

why do surgery for fractures

A
  • depressed skull is more than full thickness of the skull
  • open fractures that give rise to pneumocephalus
  • relieve or prevent CSF leakage, infection, hameorrhage, or vascular compromise
22
Q

imaging for fractures

A

SXR, CT

CT, contrast CT or radionuclide cisternography used for detecting sites of CSF leaks

23
Q

what damage do foreign bodies cause

A

direct laceration
shock-wave transmission
cavitation

24
Q

types of secondary injury

A

territorial arterial infarction (prolonged transtentorial and subfalcine herniations, direct vascular laceration, thrombosis and embolism)

  • global anoxia and ishemia
  • pressure necrosis
  • brain herniation syndromes
  • delayed haemorrhages
  • secondary brain stem injuries
25
Q

pathologic features of head injury

A 
parenchymal atrophy
residual haemoglobin degradation products
wallerian-type axonal degeneration
demyelination
cavitation
microglial scarring
26
Q

injury guidance for spine

A

-anterior 2/3 vertebral body, disc and ant. long. ligament (ALL)
- posterior 1/3 vertebral body, disc and PLL
-pedicles, transverse processes, laminae, articular facets and spinous processes
- 2 columns = unstable injury
NG41 guidelines(canadian c-spinerule)

27
Q

what imaging to do in spine for children and adults?

A

children - MRI or x-ray (if no neurology)
adults - CT if canadian rule, neurology, T/L injury
otherwise x-ray
otherwise MRI

28
Q

what are the mechanisms of cervical injury

A

hyperflexion
hyperextension
axial compression

29
Q

upper cervical spine features

A 
complex flexion/extension
atlanto-occipital dislocation
odontoid peg fractures
extension (hangman's fracture)
vertical compression (Jefferson's fracture)
30
Q

types of fractures in lower cervical spine

A

flexion –> flexion teardrop fracture, wedge compression fracture, clay shoveler’s fracture, bilateral facet joint dislocation
flexion-rotation –> (unilateral facet joint dislocation)
vertical compression –> burst fracture

31
Q

what are soft tissue spinal injuries

A 
anterior subluxation
ligamentous injuries
cord contusion
brachial plexus
vertebral arteries
32
Q

what are thoracolumbar spine fractures

A

due to weight bearing type forces, disrupt alignment

  • wedge compression fractures
  • burst fractures
  • chance fractures
  • spondylolisthesis
  • spondylolysis

C2 (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions