1.3 Pressure groups & other influences Flashcards
Definition of pressure groups
A pressure group is a body which seeks to influence government policy or opinion but without actually seeking government office itself.
What is an Insider pressure group
Have close links to government and are consulted on policy
Examples of Insider pressure groups
British Medical Association (BMA), Confederation of British Industry (CBI)
What are outsider pressure groups?
lack direct government access and rely on public campaigns
Examples of outsider pressure groups
Greenpeace, Extinction Rebellion
Insider methods of influence
- Direct lobbying of ministers and civil servants.
- Participation in government consultations.
- Membership in advisory committees.
- Influencing party manifestos and legislation.
Outsider methods of influence
- Public campaigns (social media, petitions, ads).
- Organising protests and demonstrations.
- Legal challenges and judicial reviews.
- Media engagement and publicity stunts.
Factors effecting influence
- Resources– Financial strength allows for lobbying and marketing.
- Public Support– Groups with popular support have greater influence.
- Government Attitude– A sympathetic government may listen more.
- Opposition Strength– Groups may struggle against well-funded opposition.
What are Think Tanks?
Independent research organisations that influence policy debates.
Examples of Think Tanks
- Centre for Policy Studies (Right-wing, free-market policies).
- Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR) (Left-wing, social justice focus).
Influence of think tanks
- Provide reports and policy recommendations.
- Influence party policies and manifestos.
what are Lobbyists ?
Professionals who represent businesses, charities, and other groups to influence policy.
Influence of Lobbyists
- Direct meetings with MPs and ministers.
- Help draft legislation and policy papers.
- Can create concerns about transparency and corruption.
What is a corporation
- Large businesses that influence policy through lobbying and donations.
