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MT6328 : AUBF > 1.3 : Physical Examination > Flashcards

1.3 : Physical Examination Flashcards

1
Q

Normal color of urine

A

Yellow

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2
Q

Urochrome gives off what color

A

Yellow

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3
Q

Uroerythrin gives off what color (after refrigeration)

A

Pink

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4
Q

Urobilin gives off what color

A

Orange-brown

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5
Q

Uroerythrin gives off a pink color after the urine is _________

A

Refrigerated

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6
Q

T or F
Color of the urine may vary due to normal metabolic functions, physical activity, ingested materials, or pathologic conditions

A

True

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7
Q

Color of urine
Commonly observed with random spx

A

Colorless / straw colored

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8
Q

Color of urine
Commonly observed with random spx

A

Colorless / straw colored

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9
Q

Color of urine
It is caused by recent fluid consumption

A

Colorless

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10
Q

Color of urine
It can be caused by polyuria or diabetes insipidus

A

Pale yellow

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11
Q

Color of urine
It can be caused by diabetes mellitus

A

Pale yellow

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12
Q

Color of urine
It can be caused by diluted random spx

A

Pale yellow

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13
Q

Color of urine
It is correlated to increased 24 hr volume and low specific gravity

A

Polyuria / Diabetes insipidus - Pale yellow

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14
Q

Color of urine
It is correlated to elevated specific gravity and (+) for glucose test

A

Diabetes mellitus - Pale yellow

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15
Q

Color of urine
It is correlated to fever or burns

A

Dehydration - Dark yellow

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16
Q

Color of urine
It is correlated to yellow foam positive when shaken and positive chemical test results for bilirubin

A

Bilirubin - dark yellow

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17
Q

Color of urine
It is correlated to (-) for bile test and possible green fluorescence

A

Acriflavine - Dark yellow

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18
Q

Color of urine
It is correlated to antibiotic administered for UTI

A

Nitrofurantoin - dark yellow

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19
Q

Color of urine
It is caused by intake of B complex vitamins

A

Dark yellow

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20
Q

Color of urine
It is caused by dehydration

A

Dark yellow

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21
Q

Color of urine
It is caused by presence of bilirubin

A

Dark yellow

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22
Q

Color of urine
It is caused by intake of Acriflavine

A

Dark yellow

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23
Q

Color of urine
It is caused by intake of Nitrofurantoin (for UTI)

A

Dark yellow

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24
Q

Color of urine
It is caused by intake of Amitriptyline (antidepressant)

A

Blue-green

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25
Q

Color of urine
It is caused by intake of Methocarbamol (Robaxin - muscoskeletal pain reliever)

A

Blue-green

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26
Q

Color of urine
It is caused by intake of Clorets (contains chlorophyll)

A

Blue-green

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27
Q

Color of urine
It is caused by Indican

A

Blue-green

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28
Q

Color of urine
It is caused by methylene blue

A

Blue-green

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29
Q

Color of urine
It is caused by phenol (oxidized)

A

Blue-green

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30
Q

Color of urine
It is caused by Pseudomonas infection

A

Green

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31
Q

Color of urine
It is caused by bilirubin oxidized to biliverdin

A

Yellow-green

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32
Q

Color of urine
It is caused by intake of Phenindione (vitamin K antagonist)

A

Orange-yellow

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33
Q

Color of urine
It is caused by intake of Phenazopyridine (for UTI)

A

orange-yellow

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34
Q

Color of urine
It is caused by presence of RBCs or Hematuria

A

Pink

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35
Q

Color of urine
It is caused by presence of :
- hemoglobin
- myoglobin
- beets
- rifampin
- menstrual contamination

A

Red

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36
Q

Color of urine
It is caused by presence of porphyrins

A

Port wine

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37
Q

Color of urine
It is caused by presence of RBCs (or myoglobin) oxidized to methemoglobin

A

Red-brown

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38
Q

Color of urine
It is caused by presence of homogentisic acid (alkaptonuria)

A

Brown

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39
Q

Color of urine
It is caused by presence of :
- homogentisic acid
- argyrol
- methyldopa / levodopa
- metronidazole (flagyl)

A

Black

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40
Q

Also known as urine transparency

A

Clarity

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41
Q

Freshly voided normal urine is usually ________

A

Normal

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42
Q

Clarity
No visible particulates, transparent

A

Clear

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43
Q

Clarity
Few particulates, print easily seen through urine

44
Q

Clarity
Many particulates, print blurred through urine

45
Q

Clarity
Print cannot be seen through urine

46
Q

Clarity
May precipitate or be clotted

47
Q

Order of clarity

A

Clear
Hazy
Cloudy
Turbid
Milky

48
Q

What are some non-pathologic causes of urine turbidity

A
  • squamous epithelial cells
  • mucus
  • amorphous phosphates carbonates, urates
  • semen, spermatozoa
  • fecal contamination
  • radio graphic contrast media
  • talcum powder
  • vaginal cream
49
Q

What are some pathologic causes of urine turbidity

A
  • RBCs
  • WBCs
  • Bacteria
  • yeast
  • non squamous epithelial cells
  • abnormal cells
  • lymph fluid
  • lipids
50
Q

Evaluation of urine concentration is done by measuring the ____________ of the specimen

A

specific gravity

51
Q

Defined as mass per unit volume

52
Q

It is the density of a material at a certain temperature divided by the density of water at a certain temperature

A

Specific gravity

53
Q

Material per unit volume

54
Q

Ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance

A

Specific gravity

55
Q

What is the unit for density

A

Kilogram per cubic meter

56
Q

value of density

A

Absolute value

57
Q

Value of specific gravity

A

Relative value

58
Q

In measuring SG for solids and liquids, the is measured using ________ as the reference substance

59
Q

In measuring SG for gas, the is measured using ________ as the reference substance

A

Hydrogen gas or normal aie

60
Q

It is a method that directly measures an analyte and its examples are urinometer & harmonic oscillation densinometer

A

Direct method

61
Q

It is a method that uses a reagent to measure an analyte or correlate I with the analyte being measure and its examples are reagent strip and refractometer

A

Indirect methtid

62
Q

What are examples of direct method

A
  • harmonic oscillation densitometer
  • urinometer
63
Q

What are examples of indirect method

A
  • reagent strip
  • refractometer
64
Q

Color of urine
Propofol (anesthetic)

A

Blue-green

65
Q

Color of urine
Familial hypercalcemia / “Blue diaper syndrome”

A

Blue-green

66
Q

Color of urine
Indomethacin - Indocin, Tivorbex (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug)

A

Blue-green

67
Q

Color of urine

  • Cloudy urine
  • (+) blood
  • RBCs visible microscopically
A

RBCs - pink red

68
Q

Color of urine

  • Clear urine
  • (+) blood
  • intravascular hemolysis
A

Hemoglobin - pink red

69
Q

Color of urine

  • Clear urine
  • (+) blood
  • muscle damage
A

Myoglobin - pink red

70
Q

Color of urine

Cloudy specimen with RBCs, mucus, and clots

A

Menstrual contamination - pink red

71
Q

Color of urine
Homo

72
Q

Color of urine
Homo

73
Q

Color of urine
Malignant melanoma
Melanin or melanogen

A

Brown or black

74
Q

Dark yellow or amber urine may not always signify a normal concentrated urine but can be caused by the presence of the abnormal pigment ___________

75
Q

Photo-oxidation of bilirubin imparts a yellow-green color to the urine caused by the presence of ____________

A

biliverdin

76
Q

What is the principle of a refractometer

A

Refractive index

77
Q

What is the principle of osmolality

A

Changes in colligative properties by particle number

78
Q

What is the principle of a reagent strip

A

pKa changes of a polyelectrolyte by ions present

79
Q

What is the principle of a urinometer

A

Weighted float attached to a scale

80
Q

What method of measuring the SG uses this principle:

frequency of a sound wave entering a solution changes in proportion to the density of the solution

A

Harmonic oscillation densitometry

81
Q

What method of measuring the SG uses this principle:

frequency of a sound wave entering a solution changes in proportion to the density of the solution

A

Harmonic oscillation densitometry

82
Q

Determine whether this causes High or Low SG
dehydration

83
Q

Determine whether this causes High or Low SG
High levels of glucose or protein

84
Q

Determine whether this causes High or Low SG
X ray contrast media or dye

85
Q

Determine whether this causes High or Low SG
Diabetes mellitus

86
Q

Determine whether this causes High or Low SG
Diluted urine

87
Q

Determine whether this causes High or Low SG
Renal failure
- tubular necrosis

88
Q

Determine whether this causes High or Low SG
Diabetes insipidus
- decreased ADH fxn

89
Q

Freshly voided urine has what kind of odor

A

faint aromatic odor

90
Q

What is responsible for the characteristic ammonia odor of urine

A

Breakdown of Urea

91
Q

Bacterial infection causes what kind of odor

A

Strong, unpleasant odor

92
Q

Diabetic ketones produce what kind of odor

A

Sweet or fruity odor

93
Q

serious metabolic defect results in urine with a strong odor of

A

Maple syrup (maple syrup disease)

94
Q

What is the normal odor or urine

95
Q

Odor of urine with bacterial decomposition, or urinary tract infection

A

Foul, ammonia-like

96
Q

Odor of urine with ketones (diabetes mellitus, starvation, vomiting)

A

Sweet or fruity

97
Q

Odor of urine of px with Phenylketonuria

A

Mousy odor

98
Q

Odor of urine of px with Phenylketonuria

A

Mousy odor

99
Q

Odor of urine of px with Tyrosinemia

100
Q

Odor of urine of px with Isovaleric acidemia

A

Sweaty feet

101
Q

Odor of urine of px with Methionine malabsorption

102
Q

Odor of urine with contamination

103
Q

Specific gravity is exactly 1.010

A

Isothenuric

104
Q

Specific gravity is >1.010

A

Hypersthenuric

105
Q

Specific gravity is <1.010

A

Hyposthenuric

MT6328 : AUBF (4 decks)

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