13. Periodontal Disease Flashcards
What is periodontal disease?
A group of diseases affecting the periodontium, characterized by inflammation.
What is the impact of periodontal disease?
Can cause localized or generalized bone and soft tissue changes, leading to tooth loss.
What is the primary cause of periodontal disease?
Bacterial plaque releasing exotoxins that stimulate an inflammatory response.
What are the stages of periodontal disease?
Loss and migration of junctional epithelium, pocket formation, osteoclastic bone resorption.
Where does initial inflammation start in periodontal disease?
At the gingival sulcus, progressing to bone loss.
What are key features assessed in radiographs for periodontal disease?
Bone amount, alveolar crest condition, furcation bone loss, periodontal ligament space width.
What are the imaging modalities used for periodontal disease?
Intraoral imaging, panoramic imaging, and CBCT.
What is the role of bitewing imaging?
To assess the distance between CEJ and alveolar crest and detect bone loss.
What is the limitation of intraoral radiographs?
2D images cannot fully capture 3D structures, with potential superimposition issues.
What is an advantage of CBCT in periodontal evaluation?
Provides 3D images, ideal for evaluating periodontal defects.
What is a limitation of panoramic imaging?
Low resolution and distortion make it less ideal for diagnosing periodontal disease.
What is the normal appearance of alveolar crest in radiographs?
About 0.5-2 mm apical to CEJs, continuous and sharply defined.
How does horizontal bone loss appear in radiographs?
The alveolar crest remains level but is more apical than normal.
What are interdental craters?
Depressions between adjacent teeth with resorbed cancellous bone.
What are furcation defects?
Bone loss in areas where roots join in multirooted teeth.
What radiographic changes are seen in periodontal abscess?
Radiolucency at the root apex if the lesion persists.
How does calculus contribute to periodontal disease?
Traps plaque, often seen around mandibular incisors.
What is indicated by sharp lines between alveolar crest and lamina dura in post-treatment radiographs?
Stabilization of periodontal disease.
How do malignancies appear in differential diagnosis for periodontal disease?
Extensive bone destruction with irregular PDL space and lamina dura destruction.
What should radiographs be combined with for periodontal assessment?
Clinical findings for accurate diagnosis.
