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Anesthesia > 13. Non-Pharmacotharapy > Flashcards

13. Non-Pharmacotharapy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term for cold thermotherapy

A

cryotherapy

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of cryotherapy for reducing pain

A

Activation of large A-delta fibers which inhibit pain transmission through C fibers

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3
Q

Cold results in vaso (constriction/dilitation)

A

dilitation

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4
Q

Heat thermotherapy is also called

A 
Superficial= Hydrocollator 
Deep= Ultrasound
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5
Q

Heat (increases/decreases) nerve conduction velocity

A

increases

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6
Q

heat causes vaso (constriction/dilitation)

A

dilitation

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7
Q

Hydrocollator should be applied for how long

A

15-20 min

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8
Q

What is phonophoresis

A

when ultrasound is used to help medications penetrate into the tissues

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9
Q

Contraindications for phonophoresis are

A
  • Fluid filled organ
  • Pregnant uterus
  • Eye
  • Gonad
  • malignant tissues
  • Irradiated tissues
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10
Q

What is fluorimethane

A

ethyl chloride

  • inhibits reflex contraction –> inhibits pain transmission
  • Allows for complete stretching of muscle
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11
Q

What does TENS stand for

A

-Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

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12
Q

MOA of TENS

A

-Inhibition of nerve conduction

Does this by activation of large A-delta fibers which activate inhibitory circuits within the dorsal horn of the SC

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13
Q

T/F TENS causes painful paresthesia

A

F- non-painful paresthesia

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14
Q

TENS apparatus consists of

A
  • Pulse generator
  • Amplifier
  • Electrodes
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15
Q

T/F TENS is effective for acute but not chronic pain

A

F- can be used for both- but is more effective with acute

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16
Q

TENS can be used for ionophoresis which is what

A

similar to phonophoresis

-Use of current to drive medicaments (anti-inflammatories) into tissues

17
Q

Contraindications for TENS are

A
  • Pacemakers/defibrilators
  • Anterior aspect of neck (carotid sinus)
  • Transcranial
  • Direct spine placement
18
Q

Low power laser therapy is hot or cold

A

cold

19
Q

Soft tissue techniques should be used when there is pain in what structures

A

fascia. muscle, ligaments and tendons

20
Q

Different between joint mobilization and joint manipulation

A

Mobilization

  • Slow
  • Within range of motion
  • oscillation movements

Manipulation

  • Rapid
  • Short amplitude
  • beyond normal range of motion
21
Q

T/F Acupuncture sites are all close to the site of pain

A

f- most points are but some are distant

22
Q

Can acupuncture treat chronic pain

A

yes

23
Q

MOA of acupuncture

A

-Release of serotonin from the periaqueductal gray mater which activates descending pain inhibitory pathways

24
Q

What is the acupunture point that can alleviate dental pain

A
  • Hoku

- Between the thumb and index finger

25
Q

If you have dental pain on the right side the acupunture Hoku point should be on the (right/left)

A

left (contralateral)

26
Q

What are the four types of behavior medicine

A
  • Biofeedback
  • Relaxation therapy
  • Psychophysiologic therapy
  • Hypnosis
27
Q

Biofeedback best treats what conditions

A

-symptoms caused by muscle hyperactivity

28
Q

What is biofeedback

A
  • Use of monitors to detect excessive muscle activity
  • Train pateint to recognize the increased muscle tension
  • Train patient to reduce muscle tension
  • Wean off the machine
29
Q

What is relaxation therapy

A

-Taped relaxation instructions (breathing exercises, stretching, etc)

30
Q

Relaxation therapy is worst for patients with

A

mood disorders (poor psychologic functioning)

31
Q

What is psychophysiologic therapy

A

combination of biofeedback and relaxation therapy

32
Q

Hypnosis is used to treat

A

pain and anxiety

33
Q

What are the five steps of hypnosis

A
  • limit sensory input and motor output
  • Fixation of attention
  • Monotonous visualization
  • Rapport and relationship
  • Gently return
34
Q

Stage I hypnosis

A

hypnoidal

  • Flutering eyelids
  • Physical relaxation
  • Closing of eyes
  • Muscle letargy
35
Q

Stage 2 of hypnosis

A

Light trance

  • Can’t open eyes
  • Deep and slow breathing
  • Deepend lethargy
36
Q

Stage 3

A

Medium trance

  • Glove type anesthesia
  • Partial amnesia
  • Hallucinations
37
Q

Stage 4 hypnosis

A

Somnambulism

  • Ability to open eyes without affecting trance
  • Amnesia
  • Anesthesia
  • Lip pallow
  • Post- hypnotic analgesia and hallucinations

Anesthesia (12 decks)

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