13. Non-Pharmacotharapy Flashcards
What is the term for cold thermotherapy
cryotherapy
What is the mechanism of cryotherapy for reducing pain
Activation of large A-delta fibers which inhibit pain transmission through C fibers
Cold results in vaso (constriction/dilitation)
dilitation
Heat thermotherapy is also called
Superficial= Hydrocollator Deep= Ultrasound
Heat (increases/decreases) nerve conduction velocity
increases
heat causes vaso (constriction/dilitation)
dilitation
Hydrocollator should be applied for how long
15-20 min
What is phonophoresis
when ultrasound is used to help medications penetrate into the tissues
Contraindications for phonophoresis are
- Fluid filled organ
- Pregnant uterus
- Eye
- Gonad
- malignant tissues
- Irradiated tissues
What is fluorimethane
ethyl chloride
- inhibits reflex contraction –> inhibits pain transmission
- Allows for complete stretching of muscle
What does TENS stand for
-Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
MOA of TENS
-Inhibition of nerve conduction
Does this by activation of large A-delta fibers which activate inhibitory circuits within the dorsal horn of the SC
T/F TENS causes painful paresthesia
F- non-painful paresthesia
TENS apparatus consists of
- Pulse generator
- Amplifier
- Electrodes
T/F TENS is effective for acute but not chronic pain
F- can be used for both- but is more effective with acute
TENS can be used for ionophoresis which is what
similar to phonophoresis
-Use of current to drive medicaments (anti-inflammatories) into tissues
Contraindications for TENS are
- Pacemakers/defibrilators
- Anterior aspect of neck (carotid sinus)
- Transcranial
- Direct spine placement
Low power laser therapy is hot or cold
cold
Soft tissue techniques should be used when there is pain in what structures
fascia. muscle, ligaments and tendons
Different between joint mobilization and joint manipulation
Mobilization
- Slow
- Within range of motion
- oscillation movements
Manipulation
- Rapid
- Short amplitude
- beyond normal range of motion
T/F Acupuncture sites are all close to the site of pain
f- most points are but some are distant
Can acupuncture treat chronic pain
yes
MOA of acupuncture
-Release of serotonin from the periaqueductal gray mater which activates descending pain inhibitory pathways
What is the acupunture point that can alleviate dental pain
- Hoku
- Between the thumb and index finger
If you have dental pain on the right side the acupunture Hoku point should be on the (right/left)
left (contralateral)
What are the four types of behavior medicine
- Biofeedback
- Relaxation therapy
- Psychophysiologic therapy
- Hypnosis
Biofeedback best treats what conditions
-symptoms caused by muscle hyperactivity
What is biofeedback
- Use of monitors to detect excessive muscle activity
- Train pateint to recognize the increased muscle tension
- Train patient to reduce muscle tension
- Wean off the machine
What is relaxation therapy
-Taped relaxation instructions (breathing exercises, stretching, etc)
Relaxation therapy is worst for patients with
mood disorders (poor psychologic functioning)
What is psychophysiologic therapy
combination of biofeedback and relaxation therapy
Hypnosis is used to treat
pain and anxiety
What are the five steps of hypnosis
- limit sensory input and motor output
- Fixation of attention
- Monotonous visualization
- Rapport and relationship
- Gently return
Stage I hypnosis
hypnoidal
- Flutering eyelids
- Physical relaxation
- Closing of eyes
- Muscle letargy
Stage 2 of hypnosis
Light trance
- Can’t open eyes
- Deep and slow breathing
- Deepend lethargy
Stage 3
Medium trance
- Glove type anesthesia
- Partial amnesia
- Hallucinations
Stage 4 hypnosis
Somnambulism
- Ability to open eyes without affecting trance
- Amnesia
- Anesthesia
- Lip pallow
- Post- hypnotic analgesia and hallucinations
