13/ nervous system structure through development Flashcards
1
Q
whats going on at 17 days old?
A
- neural plate
2
Q
what do germ layers develop into
A
- endoderm - lining of viscera
- mesoderm - bones and muscles
- ectoderm - skin and nervous system
3
Q
whats going on at 22 days
A
- neurulation
- neural plate develops neural groove and folds (groove pinched into fold)
- these develop into neural tube -> cns or neural crest -> peripheral ns
- somites become muscle
4
Q
importance of folic acid in pregnancy
A
- prevents improper closing of neural tube - 90% reduction w folic acid
- folic acid is a coenzyme in production of T, so needed for DNA synthesis
- rostral part doesn’t close = anencephaly
- caudal part doesn’t close = spina bifida
5
Q
what are the 3 primary brain vesicles
A
- (rostral) prosencephalon - forebrain
- mesencephalon - midbrain
- (caudal) rhombencephalon - hindbrain
6
Q
what are the secondary brain vesicles of the forebrain
A
- if you imagine forebrain looks like an elephants head…
- ears = telencephalic vesicles
- head = diencephalon
- side of head = optic vesicles (optic stalk -> optic nerve, optic cup -> retina)
7
Q
grey matter areas in forebrain differentiation (cell bodies and glia)
A
- cerebral cortex
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- basal telencephalon
8
Q
white matter areas in forebrain differentiation (myelinated axons)
A
- corpus callosum
- cortical white matter
- internal capsule
9
Q
midbrain differentation
A
- (top) tectum
- cerebral aqueduct
- (bottom) tegmentum
10
Q
how old is the midbrain
A
very old
11
Q
areas the midbrain is responsible for
A
- control and processing of pain
- motor control - voluntary movement
- vision
12
Q
hindbrain differentation
A
- closest to midbrain:
- pons at front
- cerebellum dorsal
- fourth ventricle running through
- closest to spinal cord:
- medulla dorsal, fourth ventricle top
13
Q
functions of the cerebellum
A
- coordination of movement, balance and posture
- 1:40 neuronal outputs to inputs
14
Q
parts of the cerebellum
A
- cerebellar cortex - sensory processing
- deep cerebellar nuclei - motor output comes from
- pontine nuclei - in pons, relay info to cerebellum
