1/intro Flashcards
1
Q
Divisions of CNS
A
- brain
- spinal cord
2
Q
Divisions of PNS
A
- Somatic NS - skin, joints, muscles. Voluntary
- Autonomic NS - internal organs, blood vessels, glands. Unconscious
3
Q
MICE dorsal?
A
- On vertical axis when mouse is standing
- top/back (dorsal fin)
4
Q
MICE ventral?
A
- Vertical axis when mouse is standing
- bottom/stomach
5
Q
MICE anterior/rostral
A
- horizontal axis
- front/nose
6
Q
MICE posterior/caudal
A
- horizontal axis
- back/tail
7
Q
MICE medial and lateral
A
- medial = closer to midline/spinal cord
- lateral = further from spinal cord
8
Q
HUMANS superior, posterior, inferior, anterior
A
above (scalp), behind (back of head), below (neck), front (nose)
9
Q
HUMANS rostral
A
- towards anterior but slight angle
- half way up forehead
10
Q
HUMANS caudal
A
- affected by standing up
- 2 now
- one towards neck /inferior direction
- one towards back of head/posterior
11
Q
HUMANS dorsal/ventral
A
- defined by rostral/caudal axis
- inside/ closest to face/ground = ventral
- closest to back of head and scalp = ventral
12
Q
sagittal
A
- vertical plane running longways through the brain
13
Q
coronal / frontal
A
- vertical plane running shortways through the brain
14
Q
horizontal / axial
A
- horizontal plane through brain
15
Q
how is spinal cord divided in neuroanatomical terms?
A
- transverse (horizontal)
- longitudinal (vertical)
16
Q
NAME 3 major areas of the brain
A
- forebrain
- midbrain
- hindbrain
17
Q
what makes up forebrain?
A
- cerebral hemispheres - cerebral cortex and basal nuclei (evolutionarily new)
- thalamus and hypothalamus
18
Q
what makes up hindbrain? what is its function?
A
- pons
- cerebellum
- medulla
- motor, balance
19
Q
brainstem make up?
A
- functional unit
- medulla, pons and midbrain
20
Q
what are the lumps and valleys in the brain called?
A
- lumps - gyri
- valleys - sulci
21
Q
What is the ventricular system’s function?
A
- cavity running through ns
- cerebrospinal fluid
- provides physical protection - buoyancy
- ion levels maintained
removes waste products
22
Q
ventricular system structural details
A
- 2 lateral ventricles combine to form a third ventricle which sits above hypothalamus
- cerebral aqueduct is a thin blockable tube leading to fourth ventricle
- central canal runs down spine
23
Q
4 subdivisions of spinal cord and 2 enlargements (head to tail)
A
- cervical. cervical enlargement (more motor neurons to arms)
- thoracic. heart, lungs etc
- lumbar. lumbosacral enlargement, bigger - legs
- sacral. bladder, reproductive
24
Q
what makes white matter white?
A
myelinated axons
25
grey matter
* found in cerebral cortex and nuclei
* can have axons
* glia
26
DAVE
* Dorsal Afferent (sensory, into CNS)
* Ventral Efferent (motor, into PNS)
27
Ganglions vs nuclei
* both a collection of nerve cell bodies
* ganglions in PNS
* nuclei in CNS
