13 Metal & Mineral Resources I Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two major categories of minerals and give 4 examples of each?

A

Metallic: Gold, silver, copper, lead
Nonmetallic: Sand, lime, gypsum, phosphate

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2
Q

How much use of non-metallic minerals increased over the last 50 years?

A

Has grown by 300% and is growing at an average of more than 2.3% per year

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of metal?

A

Metals are opaque, shiny, smooth, solids that conduct electricity. These properties derive from metallic chemical bonds with delocalized electrons that move from atom to atom easily.

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4
Q

What is a native metal and what are two examples

A

Occur naturally in their pure form
Gold, silver, copper, iron

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4
Q

What form are metals usually found in?

A

Instead, we use minerals that contain metals, where metal ions are bonded to nonmetallic elements.

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5
Q

three principal metals in the most common
use today?

A

copper, iron, and aluminum

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6
Q

What two metals where first used and when?

A

copper (~4000 BCE)
then Bronze (copper and tin alloy) (~2800 BCE)

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7
Q

What was the original invention used to smelt metal?

A

Bellows
Slide 20

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8
Q

What do the majority ores include? (2)

A

Either sulfides or oxide

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9
Q

Define an ore

A

Ore is a rock with metal-rich minerals that are
concentrated enough to be economic to mine.

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10
Q

*Slide 23
Ore-forming geologic processes

A
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11
Q

What are the two main ways to extract minerals?

A

Open pit mining
Underground mining

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12
Q

What is the environmental issue with open pit mining?

A

Mining creates huge volumes of waste tailings. Tailing piles are often acidic and laden with toxic metals. Unvegetated tailing may be source of dust and runoff.

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12
Q

What is the societal issue with mining?

A

The towns that the mines are built around are abandoned

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13
Q

What are the Ore Forming Processes in the Canadian Cordillera? (4)

A
  1. Magmatic– crystallization and settling within a magma
  2. Hydrothermal– heated water transports and concentrates elements
  3. Metamorphic– growth of minerals from chemical
    reactions
  4. Sedimentary– weathering, transport, deposition
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14
Q

Ore deposits typically occur ___ (3)

A
  1. beneath volcanoes in subduction-related
  2. continental- and
  3. island-arc settings
15
Q

What is a placer deposit?

A

an accumulation of valuable minerals formed by deposition of dense mineral phases in a trap site.

16
Q

What caused the Mississippian mineralization?

A

The backarc basin

17
Q

What does MVT stand for and what is it?

A

Mississippian valley type and is a dolomite hosted ore body of Lead and zinc

17
Q

*Slide 69

A
18
Q

What texture in rocks do hydrothermal dolomization and mineralization

A

Zerba texture

19
Q

Where is Pine Point mine and what ore body is there?

A

Northwest Territories right below Great Slave Lake in the interior plains and hosts the MVT

20
Q

What style of mine and what years was the PIne Point mine in operation

A

Open-pit
1964-1988

21
Q

What ore-forming process was used on the MVT

A

Hydrothermal fluids

22
Q

What ore body is hosted in the foreland belt and where in the belt?

A

MVT found in the main range of the rockies

23
Q

Where is Monarch Mine and what important geologic features is it near?

A

Close to Field, BC
Within Mount Stephen and Mount Field in Yoho National Park
Near the base of the cathedral escarpment

24
Q

Slides 86-88

A
25
Q

What is an important fact about the Monarch Mine and what years was it active?

A

These mines were the only successful metal mines in the Canadian Rockies
Active from 1935-1952

26
Q

Where is the Sullivan mine and what rock group is it a part of?

A

Kimberly BC
Purcell group

27
Q

What ore body is in the Sullivan mine?

A

Sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX)

28
Q

What form is the SEDEX ore body?

A

Vents along the sea floor

29
Q

What were the minerals that came from the Sullivan mine? (3)

A

Silver, Lead, and Zinc

30
Q

Where is the Barkerville gold camp?

A

Wells, BC

31
Q

What is placer and lode gold?

A

Placer gold: Gold found with erosion found at the bottom of a river
Lode gold: Gold found in a place where it formed in a VEIN

32
Q

What age is the gold found in Barkerville gold camp?

A

Early Cretaceous