13 - leukocyte abnormalities Flashcards
what counting errors could cause spuriously high leukocyte counts
- large platelets or platelet clumps
- nucleated erythrocytes present
- inadequate lysis or erythrocytes
what counting errors could cause spuriously low leukocyte counts
- clumped or lysed leukocytes
- clot present in the blood sample
what does lead toxicity cause in a dog
nucleated erythrocytes
what does a neutrophil look like
what is the meaning of drumstick or Barr body in neutrophils
inactivated X chromosome in females
what do feline neutrophils have
cytoplasmic Dohle bodies
What is the neutrophilic series in blood
what does toxic cytoplasm look like in basophils
Foamy basophilia
Ruminants and horses get what in toxic bands and toxic metamyelocytes
toxic granulation
what is the difference between and toxic and not toxic band
not toxic = light purple
toxic = dark purple
what is the May-hegglin anomaly
Triad: neutrophil inclusions, thrombocytopenia, macro platelets
- pugs and humans
- normal neutrophil function
- no bleeding tendency
- MYH9 gene mutation - encodes for heavy chain of non- muscle myosin IIA
what is the pelger-huet anomaly
hyposegmentation of granulocytes with dense nuclear chromatin
- cytoplasm not toxic
- no clinical abnormalities seen in heterozygous animals
- homozygous animals die in utero
what animals does the pelger-huet anomaly affect
hereditary disorder in dogs, cats and horses
common in Australian shepherd dogs
explain acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
- neoplasia of non-lymphoid cell types
- more then 20% blast in bone marrow
explain chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
- neoplasm involving granulocytes
- high leukocyte count with marked left shift in blood
- less than 20% blasts in bone marrow
what causes giant neutrophils
- inflammation
- dysgranulopoiesis
- neoplastic
- non-neoplastic - lymphoma, IMT, IMHA
what is hypersegmentation
five or more distinct nuclear lobes
what causes hypersegmentation
- endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoids
- old blood samples
- resolving chronic infections
- myeloid neoplasms
- heat stroke
- cobalamin deficiency (dogs)
- folate deficiency (cat)
- hereditary in quarter horses w/out clinical signs
what is karyolysis
what is pyknosis
what is karyorrhexis
chediak-higashi syndrome
what are in infectious agents in neutrophils
- bacterial rods
- bacterial cocci
- histoplasma
- distemper
- mycobacterium
- ehrlichia
- hepatozoon
- leishmania
anaplasma phagocytophilum
sideroleukocytes - hemosiderin
cytoplasmic granules in neutrophils
canine hereditary mucopolysaccharides
what do lymphocytes look like
what is the difference between normal and neoplastic granular lymphocytes in cats
what are reactive lymphocytes
- transformed lymphocytes
- atypical lymphocytes
- immunocytes
when do you use atypical lymphocytes
when unsure if reactive or neoplastic
what is a common dz for vacuolated lymphocytes
feline lysosomal storage dz
what does cytauxzoon felis look like in blood
what do different bacteria look like in monocytes
what does a feline “degranulated” eosinophil compared to a normal one
