13 - leukocyte abnormalities

Question 1

what counting errors could cause spuriously high leukocyte counts

Answer 1

• large platelets or platelet clumps
• nucleated erythrocytes present
• inadequate lysis or erythrocytes

Question 2

what counting errors could cause spuriously low leukocyte counts

Answer 2

• clumped or lysed leukocytes
• clot present in the blood sample

Question 3

what does lead toxicity cause in a dog

Answer 3

nucleated erythrocytes

Question 4

what does a neutrophil look like

Question 5

what is the meaning of drumstick or Barr body in neutrophils

Answer 5

inactivated X chromosome in females

Question 6

what do feline neutrophils have

Answer 6

cytoplasmic Dohle bodies

Question 7

What is the neutrophilic series in blood

Question 8

what does toxic cytoplasm look like in basophils

Answer 8

Foamy basophilia

Question 9

Ruminants and horses get what in toxic bands and toxic metamyelocytes

Answer 9

toxic granulation

Question 10

what is the difference between and toxic and not toxic band

Answer 10

not toxic = light purple
toxic = dark purple

Question 11

what is the May-hegglin anomaly

Answer 11

Triad: neutrophil inclusions, thrombocytopenia, macro platelets

• pugs and humans
• normal neutrophil function
• no bleeding tendency
• MYH9 gene mutation - encodes for heavy chain of non- muscle myosin IIA

Question 12

what is the pelger-huet anomaly

Answer 12

hyposegmentation of granulocytes with dense nuclear chromatin
- cytoplasm not toxic

• no clinical abnormalities seen in heterozygous animals
• homozygous animals die in utero

Question 13

what animals does the pelger-huet anomaly affect

Answer 13

hereditary disorder in dogs, cats and horses

common in Australian shepherd dogs

Question 14

explain acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)

Answer 14

• neoplasia of non-lymphoid cell types
• more then 20% blast in bone marrow

Question 15

explain chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

Answer 15

• neoplasm involving granulocytes
• high leukocyte count with marked left shift in blood
• less than 20% blasts in bone marrow

Question 16

what causes giant neutrophils

Answer 16

• inflammation
• dysgranulopoiesis
  - neoplastic
  - non-neoplastic
• lymphoma, IMT, IMHA

Question 17

what is hypersegmentation

Answer 17

five or more distinct nuclear lobes

Question 18

what causes hypersegmentation

Answer 18

• endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoids
• old blood samples
• resolving chronic infections
• myeloid neoplasms
• heat stroke
• cobalamin deficiency (dogs)
• folate deficiency (cat)
• hereditary in quarter horses w/out clinical signs

Question 19

what is karyolysis

Question 20

what is pyknosis

Question 21

what is karyorrhexis

Question 22

chediak-higashi syndrome

Question 23

what are in infectious agents in neutrophils

Answer 23

• bacterial rods
• bacterial cocci
• histoplasma
• distemper
• mycobacterium
• ehrlichia
• hepatozoon
• leishmania

Question 24

anaplasma phagocytophilum

Question 25

sideroleukocytes - hemosiderin

Question 26

cytoplasmic granules in neutrophils

Question 27

canine hereditary mucopolysaccharides

Question 28

what do lymphocytes look like

Question 29

what is the difference between normal and neoplastic granular lymphocytes in cats

Question 30

what are reactive lymphocytes

Answer 30

• transformed lymphocytes
• atypical lymphocytes
• immunocytes

Question 31

when do you use atypical lymphocytes

Answer 31

when unsure if reactive or neoplastic

Question 32

what is a common dz for vacuolated lymphocytes

Answer 32

feline lysosomal storage dz

Question 33

what does cytauxzoon felis look like in blood

Question 34

what do different bacteria look like in monocytes

Question 35

what does a feline “degranulated” eosinophil compared to a normal one