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Virology > 13 GI tract2 > Flashcards

13 GI tract2 Flashcards

1
Q

is picornaviridae enveloped

A

no

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2
Q

what is the capsid of picornaviridae like

A

icosahedral

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3
Q

what are the fold axis of symmetry in picornaviridae

A

2 fold
3 fold
5 fold

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4
Q

what is pico

A

small

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5
Q

what surrounds the genome in picornaviridae

A

spherical, non-enveloped capsid

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6
Q

what class virus is picornaviridae

A

IV

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7
Q

what RNA is picornaviridae

A

+ssRNA

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8
Q

what can the picornaviridae RNA do

A

directly translate as +RNA

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9
Q

what is picornaviridae like

A
  • large ORF
  • covalently linked protein VPg
  • non-segmented
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10
Q

what is the baltimore classification of picornaviridae

A

IV: +ssRNA

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11
Q

what does poliovirus cause

A

paralysis

aseptic meningitis

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12
Q

what is enterovirus route of transmisson

A

faecal-oral

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13
Q

what are the stages of enterovirus life cycle

A
  1. attachement/penetration
  2. penetration
  3. primary translation
  4. replication (-) and (+) strand
  5. secondary translation
  6. assembly
  7. virion exit by cell lysis
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14
Q

what happens in stage 1 of enterovirus life cycle

A
  • virus binds to receptor on cell

> ejection of VP4 = viral capsid structural changes

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15
Q

what happens in stage 2 of enterovirus life cycle

A
  • uncoating of vRNA = enters cytosol
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16
Q

what happens in stage 3 of enterovirus life cycle

A

viral RNA translates proteins of poliovirus
non-capped mRNA
polyribosomes translate polyprotein, using cap-independent translation

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17
Q

what is the effect of the stages in stage 3 of primary translation

A

cellular translation is blocked = translational control

lytic or fast growing viruses

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18
Q

what happens in stage 4 of enterovirus life cycle

A 
(+) replciation
just made (-) sense strand then serves as template for more (-) strands RNA (+ mRNA)
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19
Q

what happens in stage 5 of enterovirus life cycle

A

mRNA strands serve as templates for more translation of polyprotein
some RNA packaged

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20
Q

what happens in stage 6 of enterovirus life cycle

A

P1 cleaved to make VP0, VP3, VP1
If more infectious cleaves VP0 into = VP2 and VP4
RNA must be inserted in virion = packaging

21
Q

what happens in lysis of enterovirus life cycle

A

~10^5 virions per infected cell released during cell lysis

22
Q

what are the outcomes of poliovirus exposure

A

paralytic poliomyelitis
non-paralytic poliomyelitis
abortive or minor illness
unapparent infection

23
Q

what is the % of paralytic poliomyeltitis

A

0.1-2%

24
Q

what is the % of non-paralytic poliomyelitis

A

0.1-2%

25
Q

what is the % of abortive or minor illness

A

4-8%

26
Q

what is the % of unapparent infection

A

95%

27
Q

what does bulbar polio cause

A

motor neurons of brain affected

reduced breathing, difficult to speak and swallow

28
Q

what is used to aid bulbar polio

A

iron lung to aid breathing

29
Q

is enterovirus - poliovirus common

A

rare due to infant immunity

30
Q

what are the symptoms of poliovirus

A 
fever
fatigue
headache 
vomiting 
sore neck
some get paralytic poliovirus
31
Q

what has reduced passive immunity in poliovirus

A

due to plumbing - sanitation

32
Q

what leads to increase in polio cases

A

aetiology still unknown

33
Q

how is Salk PV vaccine inactivated

A

formaldehyde
heat
pH

34
Q

how many serotypes of salk PV vaccine are there

A

3 serotypes

35
Q

where and how is PV grown

A

in the lab

using tissue culture

36
Q

what is Salk PV also known as

A

IPV

37
Q

what is the oral enterovirus vaccine for poliovirus known as

A

sabin

38
Q

what is the sabin vaccine like

A

attenuated

39
Q

what is VAPP

A

vaccine associated paralytic poliovirus

40
Q

how effect is sabin

A

100% efficacy after three doses

41
Q

what is the affect of VAPP

A

as attenuated is live and can replicate in the gut

42
Q

what causes the attenuated mutation in poliovirus vaccine

A

in 5’ NCR (non-coding region) of PV
RNA secondary structure of the poliovirus 5’ non-coding region
VAPP/Attenuating mutations of PV 1-3
Mutations in domain V
U would have to revert back to C to get a wildtype
Exposed to wildtype poliovirus= infected

43
Q

what is the inactivated polio virus vaccine

A

Salk

44
Q

what are the advantages of inactivated dead poliovirus vaccine

A
  • Safe
  • Can be used for immune-deficient (or suppressed) patients
  • High uptake
  • Excellent systemic immunity
  • No reversion, no excretion of wild-type into community
45
Q

what are the disadvantages in poliovirus inactivated vaccine

A
  • Requires repeated IM injection and is more expensive
  • Limited mucosal/intestinal immunity compared to live
  • risk due to use of wt virus as seed for vaccine
46
Q

what are the attenuated poliovirus vaccine advantages

A
  • Strong systemic and intestinal immunity (cannot pass through as easily)
  • Inexpensive
  • Oral delivery
  • Relatively safe
  • Herd immunity: virus is excreted into the environment
47
Q

what are the attenuated poliovirus vaccine disadvantages

A
  • Can mutate to NV form (neurovirulent form) – causing VAPP
  • Requires monkeys for testing
  • Unsuitable for immunodeficient and immunosuppressed individuals (as live)
  • Can lead to Vaccine Derived PV leading to outbreaks cVDPV (circulating VDPV)
48
Q

why should eradication of poliovirus feasible

A
  • no animal reservoirs
  • virus is not airborne
  • only three serotypes
  • Poliovirus entry into cells is very inefficient
49
Q

how can we eliminate poliovirus

A

stop using the attenuated vaccine

to stop VAPP

Virology (15 decks)

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